Anatomy and Physiology Unit 1 Assessment

Microscopes, Anatomical Terminology, and Feedback Loops - assume eyepiece power is 10 for every problem related to such

Superior

A part that is above another part (also called cranial)

Inferior

A part that is below another part (also called caudal)

Anterior/Ventral

Toward the front

Posterior/Dorsal

Toward the back

Medial

A position that is closer to the imaginary midline

Lateral

A position further from the imaginary midline

Proximal

Nearer to trunk or point of attachment

Distal

Away from trunk or point of attachment

Longitudinal

Along the long axis

Cross/transverse

Across long axis

Sagittal

Divides left/right

Frontal/Coronal

Middle of body, anterior and posterior separated

Transverse

Cuts at torso-ish area

Midsagittal

Divides into fairly equal parts

Liver Quadrant

Right upper quadrant

Stomach Quadrant

Left upper quadrant

Spleen Quadrant

Left upper quadrant

Appendix quadrant

right lower quadrant

Small intestine quadrant

right lower quadrant & left lower quadrant

Pancreas quadrant

left upper quadrant

Frontal

Orbital

Nasal

Cervical

Brachial

Carpal

Digital

Thoracic

Abdominal

Femoral

Crural

Pedal

Digital

Dorsal

Popliteal

Femoral

Calcaneal

1?

Cranial Cavity

2?

Dorsal Cavity

3?

Vertebral Canal

4?

Thoracic Cavity

5?

Diaphragm

6?

Abdominal cavity

7?

Pelvic Cavity

1?

Ocular lens (eye piece)

2?

Diopter Adjusment

3?

Nose piece

4?

Objective lens

5?

Aperture

6?

Diaphragm

7?

Condenser

8?

Illuminator (light source)

9?

Arm (carrying handle)

10?

40x Objective

11?

Mechanical stage

12?

Coarse adjustment

13?

Fine adjustment

14?

Stage controls

15?

Base

16?

Brightness adjustment

17?

Light switch

Where is the stage clip?

Where is the head?

Define resolution

The resolving power of an optical instrument, such as a microscope or camera

What is the smallest size a human eye can see?

Human egg

What limits an object’s ability to be seen with a microscope?

Scattering of light — we need objects big enough to scatter light as this allows us to view & observe them

What does the eyepiece do?

Used to look at the specimen

What does the diopter adjustment do?

Used to change focus on one eyepiece to compensate for differences in vision between viewer’s two different eyes

What does the nose piece do?

Houses all the objective lenses

What do the objective lens do?

Lens closest to the specimen; use light to magnify image of specimen

What does the aperture do?

Hole in stage where light comes through

What does the diaphragm do?

Controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen

What does the condenser do?

Lenses used to collect & focus light that reaches the specimen

What does the light source do?

Where light comes from

What does the arm do?

Structural component that connects the hand to the base

What does the 40x objective do?

A high powered lens

What does the mechanical stage do?

Where specimen is placed for viewing

What does the coarse focus do?

Used to focus image under low power magnification

What does the fine focus do?

Used to focus image under high power magnification

What do the stage controls do?

Used to move the stage mechanically

What does the base do?

Provides stability

What does the brightness adjustment do?

Controls intensity of the light bulb

What does the on/off switch do?

Turns light source on/off (duh)

How do you find total magnification with objective power?

Multiply by 10

How do you find objective power with total magnification?

Divide by 10

What is the total magnification of an eyepiece with objective power of 4x?

40x

What is the total magnification of an eyepiece with objective power of 10x?

100x

What is the total magnification of an eyepiece with objective power of 40x?

400x

What is the total magnification of an eyepiece with objective power of 100x?

1000x

How does a light microscope work?

Uses light to focus on a specimen

What is a light microscope used for?

Magnifying structures or specimen

Examples of light microscope use

Looking at living cells to determine of they are undergoing mitosis

How do fluorescent microscopes work?

Uses lasers to stimulate fluorescent molecules

What are fluorescent microscopes used for?

Seeing individual structure or organelles in a cell

Examples of fluorescent microscope use

Chloroplasts or cytoskeleton

How does a transmission electron microscope work?

Uses electron beams to visualize internal structures

What are transmission electron microscopes used for?

Seeing very detailed 2D images

Examples of transmission electron microscope use

Identifying a virus inside a cell

How do scanning electron microscopes work?

Uses electron beams to visualize a 3D surface

What are scanning electron microscopes used for?

Seeing and analyzing the surface of a cell