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Health status
an individual's or population's overall level of health and wellbeing, taking into account various indicators such as life expectancy, mortality and morbidity
Health indicators
standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status (for example, life expectancy, mortality rates, morbidity rates)
Life expectancy
the number of years of life, on average, remaining to an individual at a particular age if death rates do not change. The most commonly used measure is life expectancy at birth.
Mortality
The number of deaths in a population in a given period
years of life lost (YLL)
a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
Morbidity
ill health in an individual and levels of ill health within a population (often expressed through incidence, prevalence)
years lived with disability (YLD)
a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to living with disease, injury or disability
Incidence
refers to the number (or rate) of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period (usually 12 months)
Prevalence
the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time
Burden of disease
a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries; specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called the DALY.
disability adjusted life years (DALY)
a measure of burden of disease. One DALY is equal to one year of healthy life lost due to illness and/or death. DALY are calculated as the sum of the years of life lost due to premature death and the years lived with disability for people living with the health condition or its consequences.
Chronic conditions
any disease or condition that lasts a long time (usually longer than six months). It usually can’t be cured and therefore requires ongoing treatment and management. Examples include arthritis and asthma.
Core activities
relate to three main areas of life: self-care, mobility and communication
Core activity limitation
when an individual has difficulty, or requires assistance, with any of the three core activities
Psychologic distress
relates to unpleasant feelings and emotions that affect an individual’s level of functioning
Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)
a scale of psychological distress based on the answers to ten questions about negative emotional and mental states in the four weeks prior to the interview
