AP EURO 23.5

50%

In the late 19th century, what percent of people living in France spoke proper French?

Universal Military Conscription

What military policy was introduced in most of Europe except Britain after the Franco-Prussian War that forced peasants off their land and workers out of the factories to fight for the country, exposing male conscripts to patriotic ideology?

Compulsory Education

What free program that required children to attend school leveled out language differences and taught children about traditions, encouraging nationalism in young people?

Common Currency

What program consisting of standard weights and measurements was introduced in Italy and Germany in the late 19th century that included the establishment of a national post office and postage stamps or banknotes with pictures of historical events or important leaders?

Heinrich von Treitschke

Who was the history professor at Humboldt University in Berlin who championed German superiority over other countries, but especially Great Britain?

Ernest Renan

Who was the French philosopher who had the idea that national identity was based more on a people's current desire for a "common life" and a fictional, heroic past than on actual historical events, a theory that was unpopular among nationalist thinkers?

John Bull

What was the name of the brave and persistent symbol of Britain?

Marianne

Who was the republican figurehead of France?

Uncle Sam

What was the name of the character who personified the United States government?

Michel

Who was the strong figure that represented the nation of Germany?

Bastille Day

What was the new French national holiday first held in 1880 to commemorate the start of the French Revolution?

Sedan Day

What was the newly invented German holiday that was created to celebrate Germany's victory over France during the Franco-Prussian War in 1871?

Golden Jubilee

What celebration was held by Queen Victoria of Great Britain in 1887 during which public squares and parks received prominent commemorative statues and monuments?

Queen Victoria

Who was the British queen who hosted the Golden Jubilee in 1887?

Victor Emmanuel II

During the Golden Jubilee, a grand memorial was created for which monarch of Italy in central Rome?

Monument to the Battle of Nations

What monument was built during the Golden Jubilee in Leipzig to honor the German victory in the Napoleonic Wars?

Houston Stewart Chamberlain

Who was the race theorist who claimed that his ideas about racial difference were based on biological "facts" about bloodlines and heredity?

Count Arthur de Gobineau

Who wrote On the Inequality of the Human Races and also claimed, like Chamberlain, that his theories on race were based on "facts" about bloodlines and heredity?

On the Inequality of the Human Races

What book was published by Gobineau in 1854 that divided humanity into the white, black, and yellow races based on geographical locations, calling the white race superior to the others?

Aryan Race

What was the name of the white "superior" race characterized by Gobineau in his book On the Inequality of the Human Races?

Russification

What was the process of forcing minority Poles and Czechs in the Russian Empire to learn the Russian language and assimilating them into Russian society?

Germanization

What process did Germans force the Poles, a group that was seen as a "national threat," living in East Prussia to undergo before they could be seen as equals to the "superior" Germans?

Jews

The people of what group were considered the ultimate outsiders by nationalists and were stereotyped as the "inferior race," posing the greatest challenge to national purity?

Frankfurt Assembly

What was the German parliament that in 1848 endorsed full rights for German Jews, allowing the German Empire to solidify Jewish emancipation in its 1871 constitution and abolish restrictions on Jewish marriage, choice of occupation, place of residence, and property ownership?

Pogroms

What was the name for the government-supported anti-Jewish riots, expulsions, and attacks against Jews in Russia?

The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

What was the document originally written by the Russian secret police that was republished as a falsified account of a secret meeting supposedly held at the First Zionist Church in Basel in 1897 that put forth the belief that Jewish elders planned to dominate the world? (This publication helped popularize anti-Semitic views which became popular among conservatives, extreme nationalists, and people who felt threatened by Jewish competition.)

Karl Lueger

Who was the anti-Semitic mayor of Vienna from 1897 to 1910 who was supported by the Christian Socialist Party and combined fierce anti-Semitic rhetoric with municipal ownership of basic services, appealing to the German-speaking lower middle class and influencing the ideas of a young Adolf Hitler?

Christian Socialist Party

What was the German political party that supported Karl Lueger and his anti-Semitic agenda?

4 million

How many of Europe's 7 million Jews resided in the western borderlands of the Russian empire in 1880 with few legal rights? (The Russian government frequently used anti-Semitism to focus popular discontent away from the government and onto the Jews, allowing violent pogroms against the Jews between 1881 and 1882 and into the later decades.)

Zionism

What was the movement dedicated to building a Jewish national homeland in Palestine where Jews would be free of social oppression, a campaign started by Theodor Herzl? (This movement was popular among Russian Jews.)

Theodor Herzl

Who was the Zionist who advocated for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine, believing that Christian Europeans would never overcome their anti-Semitic hatred?

2.75 million

About how many Jews left central and eastern Europe between 1881 and 1914 to emigrate to western Europe and the United States?

Palestine

Where did Zionists hope to set up a homeland where European Jews could live free of social oppression?