ww1

ts pmo

Abdicate

Definition: To formally give up a position of power (often used for kings or emperors).

Armstrice

Definition: An agreement to stop fighting (a truce); not the same as a peace treaty.

Assimilation

Definition: The process of absorbing people into a dominant culture, often by erasing their own.

Autonomy

Definition: The right to self-government or independence.

CEF

Definition: The Canadian army that served overseas in WWI.

Conscription

Definition: Mandatory military service.

Conscientious Objectors

Definition: People who refuse military service for moral or religious reasons.

Haebus Corpus

Definition: The legal right to be brought before a court to determine lawful detention.

Chinese Head Tax

Definition: A fee charged to Chinese immigrants entering Canada.

Honouring Rations

Definition: Voluntary limits on consumption (food, fuel) during wartime to support the war effort.

Indian Act

Definition: 1876 Canadian law controlling many aspects of Indigenous life, aimed to assimilated their culture and identity.

Income Tax

Definition: Tax on individual earnings.

Inflation

Definition: Rising prices and decreasing money value.

League of Nations

Definition: International organization formed after WWI to maintain peace.

No man’s Land

Definition: The dangerous area between opposing trenches in WWI.

Prohibition

Definition: Ban on alcohol production and sale.

Propaganda

Definition: Biased information (usually government made) used to shape public opinion.

Reconnasisance

Definition: Gathering information about the enemy.

Reparations

Definition: Payments made by a defeated country for war damages.

Reserves

Definition: Land set aside for Indigenous peoples in Canada.

Sanctions

Definition: Penalties imposed by one country on another (often economic).

Schlieffen Plan

Definition: Germany’s WWI strategy to quickly defeat France then Russia.

Trade Unions

Definition: Workers stopping work to demand better conditions/pay.

Suffragist

Definition: A person campaigning for women’s right to vote.

Trench Warfare

Definition: Static, defensive fighting from trenches.

Victory Bonds

Definition: Loans from citizens to the government to fund war.

Victorian

Victorian values emphasized strict morals, clear gender roles, loyalty to Britain, and racial hierarchies. They shaped how Canadians viewed women’s rights, Indigenous peoples, and their place in the British Empire. WWI challenged some of these values but didn’t erase them.

War Measures Act

Definition: Canadian law giving the government emergency powers in wartime.

War of Attrition

Definition: A conflict where each side tries to wear down the other through continuous losses and wasting resources.

Why did Canada join WWI when Britain did?

Because Canada was part of the British Empire — Britain’s war meant Canada’s war too.

Canadian Batlles

Battles like Vimy Ridge and Ypres showed Canadian bravery and created national pride, but also showed the brutal reality of trench warfare.

Canadian Identity

Fighting together as the CEF at battles like Vimy Ridge built pride, earned international respect, and helped Canada act more independently.

Minorities

Many fought bravely but faced racism at home — like the Indian Act, Head Tax, and residential schools — showing Canada’s contradictions.

Main Causes of WWI

MANIA (Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination)

When did WWI end and what happened to Germany?

Armistice signed November 11, 1918; Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to pay reparations. Economic problem that led to WWII.

What was the goal of punishing Germany after WWI?

A war to end all wars

What was the reality of fighting in WWI?

Trench warfare, “No Man’s Land,” poison gas — horrific conditions and huge casualties.

How did people at home support the war effort?

Victory Bonds, Honour Rationing, factory work.

How did technology change warfare in WWI?

New weapons like machine guns, poison gas, tanks, and airplanes made war deadlier and caused stalemates.

How did WWI affect women’s rights?

Women took on jobs traditionally done by men — this helped some women win the right to vote.