Chinese Grammar 2

What is the use of 的 as a modifier?

Signals possession

What is the use of 得 as a modifier?

Modifies verbs, makes comparisons

What is the use of 地 as a modifier?

Makes adverbs

What is the 得 + 不 rule?

Replace 得 with 不 when negating with 不。

The structure 越 + verb + 越 means what?

the more + verb + the more + outcome. As the verb happens the outcome sequentially happens.

What does the term 越来越 mean?

More and more. Can be a verb for an adjective or be an adverb.

What does the structure verb + 住 mean?

verb + onto. Used to show firmness or tightness with actions such as 接，拉，拿，抱，etc.

What is the grammatical use of 把?

Changes sentence from S-V-DO to S-把-DO-V

When 了 is used after a verb, what does it mean?

The verb is completed in the specified tense.

When 了 is used at the end of a sentence, what does it mean?

The situation in the present has changed, i.e. “now”.

When 了 is used both after a verb and the end of a sentence, what does it mean?

It describes what has happened up to now.

What does the structure 只有。。。才能。。。do?

Only (if) then/can . Creates an “if and only if” logical relationship.

What does the structure 一会儿。。。一会儿。。。mean?

“One moment … another moment …” Implies that situation is chaotic or uncertain (for the subject).

What does the structure 来 去 mean?

around. Shows intentional meandering behavior.

What does the structure … 极了 mean?

Subject - adj - 极了 (extremely). More colloquial method of showing “very much”.

What does the structure 一边…一边… do?

Shows simultaneous actions

What is the meaning and purpose of the structure 又。。。又。。。？

Both…and…. Used to write two similar adjectives.

What is the 没 + 了 rule?

When negating in sentences with 了 add a 没 in front of the verb and drop the 了.

You cannot use 了 in sentences where there are…

repeated/frequent actions.

When 着 is placed after the verb in standard structure, it means…

the action is currently ongoing.

What does the structure S-V-着-V-DO mean?

The two verbs are happening simultaneously.

Demonstrate proper use of the structure … 起来.

… V-起-DO-来

Differentiate between the structures 一。。。就。。。and 刚。。。就。。。.

Both show cause and effect but the first is simple whereas the second emphasizes short time between events.

What are the four uses for repeating a verb?

Emphasis, repetition, ongoing action, or attempting an action.

What does the structure V + 一 + V mean, when the V are the same?

It means that the action was completed thoroughly/carefully.

What does the structure S + 一 + V mean?

The action happens in a short time.

Which modifiers must be placed between the subject and predicate?

Where and who

Which modifiers can be placed before or after the subject, but not at the end?

When

What is the grammatical purpose of 正?

Emphasis, specification of present tense

What is the grammatical purpose of adding 呢 to the end of a sentence?

Makes a sentence more soft, indirect, kind, etc.

What are the meanings and placements for 却，但是，可是？

They have similar meanings but 却 is more like “yet” and precedes the verb, and the others are more like “but” and are at the beginning of the sentence.