integumentary System

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis? (Deep to superficial)

Stratum basale

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum corneum

What layer of the epidermis is only found on the soles of the feet, palms of the hands, and the lips?

Stratum lucidum

What is the name of the type of cell abundant in the epidermis that synthesizes a tough, insoluble protein?

Keratinocytes

Sometimes the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum are referred to collectively, what is the name of this layer?

Stratum germinativum

In which layer of the epidermis does most mitotic activity occur?

Stratum basale

What is the name of the type of cell that produces a pigment that protects DNA and folic acid from damage due to UV light?

Melanocyte

What is the name of the essential nutrient that can be damaged by UV light?

Folic Acid

What is an erythrocyte?

Red blood cell

A deficiency of what essential nutrient can cause neural tube defects in unborn fetuses?

Folic acid

What are the two distinct layers of the integument?

Epidermis and dermis

What is the name of the layer located deep to the dermis (not technically part of the integumentary system) that contains adipose tissue?

Hypodermis (or subcutaneous layer)

What condition that occurs when melanocytes die and are unable to function, causing depigmentation of parts of the skin?

Vitiligo

What is the name of the inherited recessive condition in which an enzyme needed to synthesize melanin is nonfunctional, so melanocytes cannot produce melanin?

Albinism

What term describes a red skin coloration caused by increased blood flow in the dermis?

Erythema

What is the name of the hemoglobin breakdown product that can cause yellow discoloration if not filtered properly by the liver?

Bilirubin

What term describes the yellow discoloration sometimes found in newborn infants or in individuals with liver disease?

Jaundice