Cell Division: Mitosis and Binary Fission

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to the concepts of cell division, specifically mitosis and binary fission, as discussed in the lecture.

Mitosis

A type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, involving nuclear division.

Binary Fission

A simple form of cell division found in bacteria where a cell splits into two identical daughter cells.

Genome

The complete set of DNA, including all of its genes, in an organism.

Diploid

A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

A cell that has only one set of chromosomes, such as sperm or egg cells.

Chromatin

The complex of DNA and proteins in a cell nucleus that is uncondensed and not visible as distinct chromosomes.

Sister Chromatids

Two identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together by a centromere before cell division.

Centromere

The region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined together.

Karyotype

A photographic inventory of an organism's chromosome set, arranged in pairs.

Autosomes

Chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism.

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosome pairs that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content, with one from each parent.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle during which the cell prepares for division, including DNA replication.

Mitosis Phase

The phase of the cell cycle where the nucleus divides, leading to the formation of two daughter nuclei.

Cytokinesis

The process that follows mitosis, in which the cytoplasm of a parental cell divides into two daughter cells.