Unit 2 - Chapter 6 "Economic Transformations"

The Great Dying

Moment when Europeans brought diseases such as smallpox and measles to Americas

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of diseases, ideas, food crops, and people between the New World and the Old world

Peninsulares

Spaniards living in the Spanish colonies who were born in Spain

Mestizo

Person of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry

Mulatto

Person of white and black mixed ancestry

Maroon Societies

People who are descendants of Africans in the Americas and Indian Ocean who escaped from slavery and formed their own settlements

Settler colonialism

System of colonization where indigenous population is killed or replaced by foreigners moving and settling in new land

Trading post empire

System of colonization where foreign power uses coastal cities and military posts to force open control of trade networks

Mercantilism

Economic system in which a country attempts to amass wealth through trade with specific emphasis on exports

Missionary

Person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country

Potosi

Site of a massive silver mine and base of operations for Spanish Empire located in modern day Bolivia

Taino

Historic indigenous people of the Caribbean

Devshirme

Ottoman practice of forcibly recruiting soldiers and bureaucrats from among the children of their Balkan Christian subjects

Janissary

Member of the elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan’s troops, often European Christians

Chattel Slavery

The legal ownership of human beings and their offspring as property, able to be bought, sold, and forced to work

Inflation

A decrease in the purchasing power of money, reflected in a general increase in the prices of goods and services in an economy

Dutch East India Company

Private corporation in the 17th and 18th century with a near monopoly on Spice trade in Europe and Asia

Tokugawa Shogunate

Feudal military government of Japan during the Edo period from the 17th-19th century

Siberia

An extensive region in modern day Russia in Northern and Eastern Asia

Cossacks

Group from modern-day Ukraine that, in part, served as a mounted paramilitary police force in all of the various provinces of the Russian Empire