Socio-Religious Reform Movements (19th–20th Century)

These flashcards cover key events, figures, and concepts related to the Socio-Religious Reform Movements in India during the 19th to 20th centuries.

Which regulation by Lord William Bentinck declared Sati a punishable crime?

Regulation XVII of 1829.

Which act mandated the compulsory registration of all child births to curb female infanticide?

Female Infanticide Prevention Act of 1870.

What was the significance of the Maharaj Libel Case (1862) in Indian reform discourse?

Earned Karsondas Mulji the title 'Martin Luther of Bania caste' for his advocacy of widow remarriage.

Which 1930 act fixed legal marriage ages for boys and girls in India?

Sarda Act (1930): 18 for boys and 14 for girls.

Who convened the first meeting of Bharat Stree Mandal in 1910?

Sarla Devi Chaudhurani.

Which 1927 organization was the first women's body in India with an egalitarian approach?

All India Women's Conference (AIWC).

Which act forbade marriage of girls below 12 years and was driven by B.M. Malabari's campaign?

Age of Consent Act, 1891.

Who established India’s first women’s university?

Prof. DK Karve in 1916.

Which Persian-language work by Raja Ram Mohan Roy criticized polytheism and promoted monotheism?

Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin (1805).

Which publication by Raja Ram Mohan Roy highlighted the ethical teachings of Jesus Christ?

Precepts of Jesus (1820).

What was the significance of Atmiya Sabha founded in 1815?

It aimed to fight Hindu social evils and propagate monotheism.

What was Debendranath Tagore's 1839 reformist sabha later merged with Brahmo Samaj?

Tattwabodhini Sabha.

Which journal was published by Keshub Chandra Sen and is considered India’s first English-language journal?

Indian Mirror.

Which act legalized Brahmo marriages and fixed minimum ages?

Brahmo Marriage Act or Civil Marriage Act, 1872.

Who founded the Sadharan Brahmo Samaj?

Anand Mohan Bose and Ram Kumar Vidyaratna.

What slogan summarized the revivalist call of Arya Samaj?

'Go Back to the Vedas'.

Which work by Dayanand Saraswati attacked blind faith and upheld Vedic authority?

Satyarth Prakash (1874).

What reformist program was launched by Arya Samaj to convert non-Hindus to Hinduism?

Shuddhi Movement.

Which party within Arya Samaj supported Sanskrit learning over English education?

Mahatma (Gurukul) Party led by Swami Shraddhanand.

What was Dayanand Saraswati’s stance on the caste system?

Rejected caste by birth; advocated four-varna system based on occupation.

Which institution was established by Arya Samaj in Lahore in 1886?

DAV College.

What movement did Dayanand start in 1882 to protect cattle?

Cow Protection Association.

Which legislative act legalizing widow remarriage was passed due to Vidyasagar's efforts?

Hindu Widow Remarriage Act, 1856.

What reform did Vidyasagar introduce at Sanskrit College?

Opened gates to non-Brahmin students and western learning.

Name any two major literary works of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Bahubivaha and Bidhaba Bibaha.

What Bengali newspaper did Vidyasagar start in 1858?

Shome Prakash.

Which movement split over the interpretation of Brahmoism as Hindu or Universal?

The Brahmo Samaj split in 1866 into Adi Brahmo Samaj (Debendranath) and Brahmo Samaj of India (Keshub Chandra Sen).

Which reformist founded the Indian Reform Association and why?

Keshub Chandra Sen founded it in 1870 to implement Brahmo Samaj's ideas into social practice.

Who led the Gurukul Party that opposed English curriculum in Arya Samaj schools?

Swami Shraddhanand (earlier Lala Munshi Ram) led the Gurukul Party.

What organization did Dayanand Saraswati found to promote Vedic education alongside modernity?

Dayananda Anglo-Vedic (DAV) institutions aiming to blend ancient and modern education.

Which journal did Swami Vivekananda publish in English to promote Indian philosophy?

Prabuddha Bharata.

Which 1893 global event saw Annie Besant represent the Theosophical Society?

World Parliament of Religions in Chicago.

Which Vedantic concept did Swami Vivekananda reinterpret as 'Daridra Narayana'?

Service to the poor as worship of God.

Which act passed in 1925 formalized control of Sikh religious institutions?

Sikh Gurudwara Act, 1925.

Which split within Arya Samaj occurred over the curriculum at DAV institutions?

College Party vs. Mahatma (Gurukul) Party.

Which Parsi reform organization published 'Rast Goftar'?

Rahnumai Mazadayasnan Sabha.

Who authored 'Gulamgiri' and founded Satyashodhak Samaj?

Jyotiba Phule.

Which organization was known as the Social Reform Cell of the Indian National Congress?

Indian National Social Conference.

Which Tamil reformist movement emphasized women's rights and Dravidian languages?

Self-Respect Movement by Periyar.

Who founded Sevasadan for exploited women and inspired the Age of Consent Act?

Behramji Malabari.

Which movement led by Haji Shariatullah declared India as 'Dar-ul-Harb'?

Faraizi Movement.

Which Sikh movement led to the creation of SGPC?

Akali Movement.

Who founded the Servants of India Society in 1905?

Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Who started the Bahujan Samaj Movement in Kolhapur?

Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj.

Which Muslim reformer opposed Congress and supported modern education via Aligarh Movement?

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.

Which sect of Islam founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad rejected jihad?

Ahmadiyya Movement.

What was the central idea of the Tayuni Movement started by Keramat Ali Jaunpuri?

Orthodox Islamic revival based on Shah Waliullah's teachings.

Which Hindu reformer started 'Sudharak' and edited 'Kesari' after Tilak?

Gopal Ganesh Agarkar.

Which sect was founded by Sahajanand Swami and also called Uddhav Sampradaya?

Swaminarayan Sect.

Who founded the Nair Service Society in 1914?

Mannathu Padmanabhan.