DNA, RNA, Protein, Conjugation, and Resistance

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, bacterial conjugation, and antibiotic resistance as discussed in the lecture.

DNA Replication

The process of copying the bacterial chromosome before cell division.

Helicase

An enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs, unwinding the DNA.

Primase

An enzyme that synthesizes short RNA primers providing a starting point for DNA polymerase.

Leading Strand

The DNA strand that is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork.

Okazaki Fragments

Short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

DNA Ligase

An enzyme that seals the nicks between DNA fragments, forming a continuous strand.

Transcription

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template.

RNA Polymerase

The enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template strand.

Ribosome Binding Site

The location on mRNA where the ribosome attaches to begin translation.

AUG Codon

The start codon that signals the beginning of translation.

Conjugation

The transfer of genetic material between bacteria through direct contact.

F Plasmid

A plasmid that carries genes responsible for the formation of a sex pilus in bacterial conjugation.

Antibiotic Resistance

The ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic.

Efflux Pumps

Membrane proteins that actively transport antibiotics out of the cell.

T4 Phage

A type of bacteriophage that infects E. coli.

Synthesis Phase

The stage in virus replication where the host's machinery is redirected to make viral components.

Maturation

The step in viral replication where new viral particles are fully assembled.

Transcription- DNA TO RNA

Initiation, elongation, termination