EKG Readings

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14 Terms

1
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normal sinus rhythm

  • rate = 60-100 BPM or equivalent age-appropriate rate in children

  • QRS complex preceded by P wave

  • P waves upright in I and II, inverted in AVR

  • PR interval constant

  • QRS complexes <100 mm wide

<ul><li><p>rate = 60-100 BPM or equivalent age-appropriate rate in children</p></li><li><p>QRS complex preceded by P wave</p></li><li><p>P waves upright in I and II, inverted in AVR</p></li><li><p>PR interval constant</p></li><li><p>QRS complexes &lt;100 mm wide</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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sinus tachycardia

  • increased electrical impulses from SA node

  • heart rate >100 BPM

<ul><li><p>increased electrical impulses from SA node</p></li><li><p>heart rate &gt;100 BPM</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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sinus bradycardia

  • rate: <60 BPM

  • regular rhythm

  • P waves upright, consistent, and normal

  • PR interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds

  • QRS complex: <0.12 seconds, consistent

<ul><li><p>rate: &lt;60 BPM</p></li><li><p>regular rhythm</p></li><li><p>P waves upright, consistent, and normal</p></li><li><p>PR interval: 0.12-0.20 seconds</p></li><li><p>QRS complex: &lt;0.12 seconds, consistent</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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sinus arrest

  • sudden absence of electrical activity in SA node → no depolarization/contraction

  • 6 second pause = medical emergency, call 911 and carry out emergency procedures

<ul><li><p>sudden absence of electrical activity in SA node → no depolarization/contraction</p></li><li><p>6 second pause = medical emergency, call 911 and carry out emergency procedures </p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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atrial flutter

  • narrow complex tachycardia

  • regular atrial activity @ ~300 BPM

  • loss of isoelectric baseline

  • sawtooth pattern and inverted at II, III, AVF

<ul><li><p>narrow complex tachycardia</p></li><li><p>regular atrial activity @ ~300 BPM</p></li><li><p>loss of isoelectric baseline</p></li><li><p>sawtooth pattern and inverted at II, III, AVF</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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atrial fibrillation

  • irregular rhythm

  • no P waves

  • no isoelectric baseline

  • variable ventricular rate

  • QRS complexes usually <120 milliseconds

<ul><li><p>irregular rhythm</p></li><li><p>no P waves</p></li><li><p>no isoelectric baseline</p></li><li><p>variable ventricular rate</p></li><li><p>QRS complexes usually &lt;120 milliseconds </p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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asystole

  • colloquially referred to as a flatline

  • complete cessation of electrical and mechanical activity in the heart

<ul><li><p>colloquially referred to as a flatline</p></li><li><p>complete cessation of electrical and mechanical activity in the heart </p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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ventricular fibrillation

  • rate: 150-500 BPM

  • no identifiable waves

  • chaotic irregular deflections of varying amplitude

<ul><li><p>rate: 150-500 BPM</p></li><li><p>no identifiable waves</p></li><li><p>chaotic irregular deflections of varying amplitude</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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premature ventricular contraction

  • atrial rhythm is regular

  • ventricular rhythm is irregular

  • QRS complex is premature, wide, and/or distorted (>0.14 seconds)

  • premature QRS complexes occur in singles, pairs, or groups of 3

<ul><li><p>atrial rhythm is regular</p></li><li><p>ventricular rhythm is irregular</p></li><li><p>QRS complex is premature, wide, and/or distorted (&gt;0.14 seconds)</p></li><li><p>premature QRS complexes occur in singles, pairs, or groups of 3 </p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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ventricular tachycardia

  • regular fast rhythm

  • large, irregular QRS complexes

  • P waves are either absent or random

<ul><li><p>regular fast rhythm</p></li><li><p>large, irregular QRS complexes</p></li><li><p>P waves are either absent or random</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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somatic tremor

  • caused by irregular muscle movement (Parkinson’s, shivering from cold, etc)

<ul><li><p>caused by irregular muscle movement (Parkinson’s, shivering from cold, etc)</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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electrical/60-cycle interference

  • caused by poor grounding and external electricity interfering with tracing

<ul><li><p>caused by poor grounding and external electricity interfering with tracing</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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wandering baseline

  • caused by movement associated with unusual breathing or poor electrode connection

<ul><li><p>caused by movement associated with unusual breathing or poor electrode connection</p></li></ul><p></p>
14
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interrupted baseline

  • obvious break in the tracing

  • usually related to a disconnected or broken lead wire

<ul><li><p>obvious break in the tracing</p></li><li><p>usually related to a disconnected or broken lead wire</p></li></ul><p></p>