The Rise of Political Parties

Federalists

Political party led by Alexander Hamilton, advocating for a strong central government, loose interpretation of the Constitution, favoring Britain, and supporting manufacturing.

Democratic-Republicans

Political party led by Thomas Jefferson, favoring states' rights, strict interpretation of the Constitution, supporting France, and focusing on an agrarian society.

Election of 1800

Election where Jefferson and Burr tied in the Electoral College; marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in U.S. history.

Jefferson's Presidency (1801-1809)

Characterized by attempts to reduce federal power while maintaining some of Hamilton's financial policies.

Barbary Wars (1801-1805)

Conflict initiated by Jefferson's refusal to pay tribute to North African pirate states, leading to the first U.S. military conflict abroad.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Acquisition of territory from France for $15 million, doubling the U.S. size, with constitutional debates regarding its legality.

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)

Expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory, map the land, and establish relations with Native American tribes.

Judicial Impeachments

Jefferson's attempt to remove Federalist judges; only succeeded in removing one.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Court to declare laws unconstitutional.

Aaron Burr

Democratic-Republican leader whose political downfall included a duel with Alexander Hamilton and a treason trial.