Organic Compounds

These are vast and diverse group of molecules containing primarily carbon atoms.

Organic compounds

Most of these molecules and compounds are not soluble in water.

Organic compounds

These compounds can be decomposed easily than inorganic compounds.

Organic compounds

These molecules are covalently bonded

Organic compounds

Most organic reactions occur generally at what rate?

At a slower rate.

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids are what?

The main types of organic compounds.

These are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, typically with a hydrogen to oxygen ratio of 2:1.

Carbohydrates

What are carbohydrates hydrogen to oxygen ratio?

2:1

These are the primary source of energy for cells.

Carbohydrates

They are broken down through cellular respiration to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the cell’s energy currency.

Carbohydrates

Glucose, galactose and fructose are considered as what type of sugars?

Simple Sugars

Starch, cellulose and glycogen are considered as what type of carbohydrates?

Complex carbohydrates

This type of sugar is mostly found in fruits.

Fructose

This type of sugar is a component of milk sugar.

Galactose

This sugar is the most important energy source for cells.

Glucose

This complex carbohydrate is the storage form of energy in plants.

Starch

This type of complex carbohydrates provides structural support in plant cell walls.

Cellulose

This type of complex carbohydrate is the storage form of energy in animals.

Glycogen

Carbohydrates are composed of sugar units known as what?

Saccharides.

Carbohydrates can be in the form of simple sugars which is called what?

Monosaccharides

Carbohydrates can be in the form of complex sugars that are linked together and are called what?

Polysaccharides

These are a diverse group of organic compounds that are primarily hydrophobic (water insoluble).

Lipids

They are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and sometimes contain other elements like phosphorus or nitrogen.

Lipids

These play a divers role in organisms such as storing energy, providing insulation, form cell membranes, and act as signal-ing molecules.

Lipids

These are a common term for lipids that are triglycerides which are the main form of energy storage in animals and plants.

Fats and Oils

This type of lipid is essential for cell membrane structure.

Cholesterol

This type of lipid acts as protective coatings on leaves and skin (in animals).

Waxes

This type of lipid is a major component of cell membranes.

Phospholipids

These type of organic compounds are a heterogeneous group with varying structures.

Lipids

This type of lipid’s structure has esters of fatty acids and glycerol.

Fats and Oils

This type of lipid’s structure has a glycerol backbone, fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

Phospholipids

These are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks of this molecule

Proteins

Peptide bonds

Amino acids within proteins are linked together by what to form polypeptides?

Amino acids within proteins are linked together by peptide bonds what to form

polypeptides

What are the building blocks of proteins.

Amino acids

This type of organic compound perform a wide variety of functions in the body and are essential for life.

Proteins

Enzymes, collagen, transporters, hormones, and antibodies are all functional examples of what type of organic compound?

Proteins

This type of protein functions in catalyzing reactions.

Enzyme

The function of this type of protein acts as structural components and can be found in bones.

Collagen

Proteins like collagen acts in what function of proteins?

Structural Components

This type of protein’s function is to move molecules across membranes.

Transporters

This type of protein’s function is to act as chemical messengers to the body for homeostasis.

Hormones

This type of protein’s function is to defend the body by being the vital part of our immune system.

Antibodies

Pepsin, amylase, and lactate dehydrogenase are all examples of what type of protein?

Enzymes

This type of protein and enzyme digests proteins.

pepsin

This type of protein and enzyme digests carbohydrates.

amylase

This type of protein and enzyme is involved in energy production.

Lactate Dehydrogenase

Collagen and keratin are examples of what type of protein?

Structural Proteins

This type of protein provides structure to bones and skin.

Collagen

This type of protein is the main component of hair and nails.

Keratin

This type of protein fights off pathogens (disease-causing organisms)

Antibodies

What are disease causing organisms called?

Pathogens

These are large biomolecules that carry genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and functioning of living organisms.

Nucleic Acids

They are made up of smaller units called nucleotides, each consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Nucleic Acids

What are nucleotides composed of?

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA.

The function of this nucleic acid is to be found in the nucleus of cells and mitochondria, and contains the genetic information/instructions for an organism.

DNA

The function of this nucleic acid is to carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

RNA

The function of this nucleic acid is also involved with forming parts of the ribosomes.

RNA

What are the two types of RNA mentioned?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Which RNA forms part of the ribosomes?

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Which RNA carries the genetic information of DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis?

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Fats and Oils, Cholesterol, Waxes, and Phospho______ are all types of?

Lipids

This type of protein provides structure to bones

and skin

Structural Proteins