Reconstruction

Abraham Lincoln

Is remembered as a man who grew up in poverty but became the eloquent and humane president who presided over the end of slavery in the United States

Amnesty

This legal term means official pardon or immunity from persecution.

Black codes

A group of laws passed in the former Confederate states right after the Civil War. These laws were passed to limit the rights of newly freed African Americans and to continue thee white dominance that had existed under slavery.

Carpet Baggers

Was used to describe Northerners who moved to the South for political or economic gain.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

A law passed by the U.S. Congress that granted citizenship to all men born in the United States regardless of their “race or color or previous condition of slavery.”

Disenfranchise

Taking away someone’s right to vote

Fifteenth Amendment

Gave all male U.S. citizens the right to vote, regardless of their race or previous status as enslaved people

Fourteenth Amendment

Granted citizenship and legal rights to African Americans. It established that anyone who was born or naturalized in the United States was a citizen and that the states could not deny the rights of any citizens.

Frederick Douglas

Was born into slavery and as a boy he learned how to read, which was illegal. He escaped to Massachusetts when he was about 20 years old. Became a leading speaker in the abolitionist movement. Worried about being recaptured so he fled to Great Britain. Abolitionist raised money and brought his freedom.

Freedman’s Bureau

A federal agency that Congress created in 1865, during Reconstruction, to help newly freed African Americans. It established hospitals, provided food rations, gave legal advice, helped with employment, and established schools for freed African Americans.

Infrastructure

is the underlying foundation or framework of a system, organization, or location. It is often classified as either “hard” or “soft.” Hard includes railroads, bridges, water systems, subway systems, and telecommunications. Soft is human capital, or knowledge and skills, along with the schools and training programs that develop it.

Jim Crow Laws

Were state and local laws in the South that made racial segregation-separation by races-legal. These laws existed mostly in Southern states from the end of Reconstruction in the late 1870s untill the 1960s. The name comes from a character in a minstrel show; the name came to be used as a degrading term

Ku Klux Klan

Was a secret terrorist organization that formed in the South during Reconstruction to maintain white supremacy and prevent African American fro voting. Members of the organization threatened, beat, and killed African Americans and frequently burned their homes and property. They dressed in robes and hoods to frighten their victims and to avoid being identified by law enforcement officials

Plessy V. Ferguson

A Supreme court ruling that stated racial segregation in justices determined that separate and supposedly equal facilities for white Americans and African Americans did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment requirement of equal protection for the laws

Poll Tax

Is collected on individual people instead of on their property or their income. Are sometimes a requirement for voting. During the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War, many African Americans began voting in Southern states and Southern legislatures passed this to keep African Americans form voting.

Reconstruction

Was the period in United States history right after the Civil War.During this period in the South was readmitted to the United States and laws were passed to protect the rights of newly freed African Americans.

Scalawags

were southerners who supported the federal Reconstruction plan and the Republican Party. Was used as an insult. It originally mean a worthless farm animal.

Sharecropping

A landowner provides the works with housing, food, farming tools, and seeds.Then the workers’ pay for these items by selling a share of the crops they raise

Tenant Farmer

A person who lives on and farms land that is owned by someone else

Thirteenth Amendment

Formally abolished slavery in the United States.