wrist and hand

Flexor carpi radialis — Action

flex wrist (RAD joint), radially deviate wrist (RAD), assist elbow flexion (HUM)

Flexor carpi radialis — Origin

humeral head: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus

Flexor carpi radialis — Insertion

bases of 2nd + 3rd metacarpals

Flexor carpi radialis — Nerve + roots

median C6 to C8

Flexor carpi ulnaris — Action

flex wrist (RAD), ulnarly deviate wrist (RAD), assist elbow flexion (HUM)

Flexor carpi ulnaris — Origin

humeral head: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar head: posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna

Flexor carpi ulnaris — Insertion

pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

Flexor carpi ulnaris — Nerve + roots

ulnar C7 & C8, T1

Palmaris longus — Action

tense palmar fascia, flex wrist (RAD), assist elbow flexion (HUM)

Palmaris longus — Origin

common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus

Palmaris longus — Insertion

flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris longus — Nerve + roots

median C6 to C8, T1

Flexor digitorum superficialis — Action

flex 2nd-5th fingers (META & proximal INTER joints), flex wrist (RAD)

Flexor digitorum superficialis — Origin

common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane, proximal shaft of radius

Flexor digitorum superficialis — Insertion

sides of middle phalanges of 2nd through 5th fingers

Flexor digitorum superficialis — Nerve + roots

median C7 & C8, T1

Flexor digitorum profundus — Action

flex 2nd-5th fingers (META & distal INTER joints), flex wrist (RAD)

Flexor digitorum profundus — Origin

anterior + medial surfaces of proximal 3/4 of ulna

Flexor digitorum profundus — Insertion

bases of distal phalanges, volar surface of 2nd-5th fingers

Flexor digitorum profundus — Nerve + roots

2nd & 3rd fingers: median C7 & C8, T1; 4th & 5th fingers: ulnar C7 & C8, T1

Flexor pollicis longus — Action

flex thumb (INTER), flex thumb (META + CARPO), assist wrist flexion (RAD)

Flexor pollicis longus — Origin

anterior surface of radius + interosseous membrane

Flexor pollicis longus — Insertion

base of distal phalanx of thumb

Flexor pollicis longus — Nerve + roots

median C6 to C8, T1

Extensor carpi radialis longus — Action

extend wrist (RAD), radially deviate wrist (RAD), assist elbow flexion (HUM)

Extensor carpi radialis longus — Origin

longus: distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Extensor carpi radialis longus — Insertion

longus: base of 2nd metacarpal

Extensor carpi radialis longus — Nerve + roots

longus: radial C5-C8

Extensor carpi radialis brevis — Action

extend wrist (RAD), radially deviate wrist (RAD), assist elbow flexion (HUM)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis — Origin

brevis: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis — Insertion

brevis: base of 3rd metacarpal

Extensor carpi radialis brevis — Nerve + roots

brevis: radial C6-C8

Extensor carpi ulnaris — Action

extend wrist (RAD), ulnarly deviate wrist (RAD)

Extensor carpi ulnaris — Origin

common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor carpi ulnaris — Insertion

base of 5th metacarpal

Extensor carpi ulnaris — Nerve + roots

radial C6-C8

Extensor digitorum — Action

extend 2nd-5th fingers (META + INTER), assist wrist extension (RAD)

Extensor digitorum — Origin

common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor digitorum — Insertion

bases of middle & distal phalanges of 2nd-5th fingers

Extensor digitorum — Nerve + roots

radial C6-C8

Extensor indicis — Action

extend 2nd finger + adduct (META), assist wrist extension (RAD)

Extensor indicis — Origin

posterior surface of distal shaft of ulna + interosseous membrane

Extensor indicis — Insertion

tendon of extensor digitorum at level of 2nd metacarpal

Extensor indicis — Nerve + roots

radial C6-C8

Abductor pollicis longus — Action

radially abduct thumb (CARPO), extend thumb (CARPO), radially deviate wrist (RAD)

Abductor pollicis longus — Origin

posterior surface of radius + ulna + interosseous membrane

Abductor pollicis longus — Insertion

base of 1st metacarpal

Abductor pollicis longus — Nerve + roots

radial C6-C8

Extensor pollicis longus — Action

extend thumb (INTER) (EPL only), extend thumb (META + CARPO), radially deviate wrist (RAD)

Extensor pollicis longus — Origin

longus: posterior surface of ulna + interosseous membrane

Extensor pollicis longus — Insertion

longus: base of distal phalanx of thumb

Extensor pollicis longus — Nerve + roots

radial C6-C8

Extensor pollicis brevis — Action

extend thumb (META + CARPO), radially deviate wrist (RAD)

Extensor pollicis brevis — Origin

brevis: posterior surface of radius + interosseous membrane

Extensor pollicis brevis — Insertion

brevis: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Extensor pollicis brevis — Nerve + roots

radial C6-C8

Abductor pollicis brevis — Action

abduct thumb (CARPO + META), assist in opposition of thumb

Abductor pollicis brevis — Origin

flexor retinaculum, trapezium, and scaphoid tubercles

Abductor pollicis brevis — Insertion

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Abductor pollicis brevis — Nerve + roots

median C6-C8, T1

Flexor pollicis brevis — Action

flex thumb (CARPO + META), assist in opposition of thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis — Origin

superficial head: flexor retinaculum; deep head: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate

Flexor pollicis brevis — Insertion

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis — Nerve + roots

superficial head: median C6-C8, T1; deep head: ulnar C8, T1

Opponens pollicis — Action

opposition of thumb at CARPO (bringing pads of thumb and 5th finger together)

Opponens pollicis — Origin

flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium

Opponens pollicis — Insertion

entire length of 1st metacarpal, radial surface

Opponens pollicis — Nerve + roots

median C6-C8, T1

Abductor digiti minimi — Action

abduct 5th finger (META), assist in opposition of 5th finger toward thumb

Abductor digiti minimi — Origin

pisiform + tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris

Abductor digiti minimi — Insertion

base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, ulnar surface

Abductor digiti minimi — Nerve + roots

ulnar C7 & C8, T1

Flexor digiti minimi — Action

flex 5th finger (META), assist in opposition of 5th finger toward thumb

Flexor digiti minimi — Origin

hook of hamate + flexor retinaculum

Flexor digiti minimi — Insertion

base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, volar surface

Flexor digiti minimi — Nerve + roots

ulnar C7 & C8, T1

Opponens digiti minimi — Action

opposition of 5th finger at CARPO

Opponens digiti minimi — Origin

hook of hamate + flexor retinaculum

Opponens digiti minimi — Insertion

shaft of 5th metacarpal, ulnar surface

Opponens digiti minimi — Nerve + roots

ulnar C7 & C8, T1

Palmar interossei — Action

adduct 2nd/4th/5th finger toward 3rd finger, assist to flex 2nd/4th/5th finger at META joints, assist to extend 2nd/4th/5th finger at INTER joints

Palmar interossei — Origin

base of 2nd/4th/5th metacarpals

Palmar interossei — Insertion

base of proximal phalanx of related fingers and extensor aponeurosis

Palmar interossei — Nerve + roots

ulnar C8 + T1

Dorsal interossei — Action

abduct 2nd/3rd/4th fingers at META, assist to flex 2nd/3rd/4th fingers at META joints, assist to extend 2nd/3rd/4th fingers at INTER joints

Dorsal interossei — Origin

adjacent sides of all metacarpals

Dorsal interossei — Insertion

base of proximal 2nd/3rd/4th fingers and extensor aponeurosis

Dorsal interossei — Nerve + roots

ulnar C8 + T1

Adductor pollicis — Action

adduct thumb (CARPO/META), assist to flex thumb (META)

Adductor pollicis — Origin

capitate, 2nd/3rd metacarpals

Adductor pollicis — Insertion

base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Adductor pollicis — Nerve + roots

ulnar C8 + T1

Lumbricals of hand — Action

extend 2nd-5th fingers at INTER joints, flex 2nd-5th fingers at META joints

Lumbricals of hand — Origin

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Lumbricals of hand — Insertion

extensor aponeurosis on distal surface of phalanges

Lumbricals of hand — Nerve + roots

1st + 2nd: median C8, T1; 3rd + 4th: ulnar C8, T1