Exercise Physiology Chapter 4

study of the functional and physiologic responses and adaptations that occur during and following physical activity and exercise

exercise physiology

study of the functional and physiologic responses and adaptations that occur during and following physical activity and exercise

history of exercise physiology

poor performance by children on the kraus-weber fitness tests

competition to put a man in space/moon

president eisenhower established president’s council on youth fitness

Harvard Fatigue Laboratory

established to study physiologic, psychological, and sociologic responses to works and military personnel to stressful stimuli

Acute responses

Changes in the systems of the body that occur in response to a single bout of physical activity or exercise

Chronic Adaptations

changes in the systems of the body that occur in response to repeated regular physical activity and exercise

function of exercise intensity, frequency, and duration

training and conditioning programs

the process of regular and repeated exercises designed to increase the functioning of the body systems and improving physical performance

general principles

overload : challenges above normal activity

specificity : training specifically for target sport or activity

reversibility : use it or lose it

factors controlling substrate (carbs, fats, and proteins) metabolism

interaction of fat and carbohydrate utilization

roles of enzymes and hormones

Muscle control of glucose uptake

body closely regulates energy utilization during physical activity and exercise

movement of glucose from the blood into the cell depends on glucose transport protein

Skeletal muscle physiology

fibers have distinct contractile and metabolic characteristics

factors affecting strength development

intensity, frequency, duration of training, types exercises selected, total amount of work preformed, age and gender, fitness level

bone metabolism

influenced by physical activity and exercise, especially weight-bearing

energy balance and weight control

critical for promoting overall good health and optimizing performance in certain sports and athletic competitions

stable body weight

energy intake = energy expenditure

increase in body weight

energy intake > energy expenditure

decrease in body weight

energy intake < energy expenditure

factors affecting energy intake and expenditure

genetic profile, socio-economic status, psychological state, physical activity and exercise patterns, availability and selection of macronutrient intake, physical living and work environment