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Pectoral Girdle

Also known as the shoulder girdle; comprises the scapula and clavicle.

Acromioclavicular Joint (A/C Joint)

The joint formed where the acromion of the scapula meets the clavicle.

Sternoclavicular Joint

Articulation between the proximal end of the clavicle and the sternum; the only bony anatomical connection between the upper limb and the axial skeleton.

Axilla

The armpit or fat-filled region between the chest wall and upper extremity.

Brachial Plexus

A network of nerves that supply the upper limb.

Carpals

The eight wrist bones.

Metacarpals

The five bones that make up the palm of the hand.

Phalanges

The fourteen finger bones; each finger has three (proximal, middle, distal) except the thumb, which has two.

Flexors

Muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm, primarily responsible for flexion.

Extensors

Muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm, primarily responsible for extension.

Cephalic Vein

A superficial vein that runs along the upper margin of the upper extremity.

Basilic Vein

A superficial vein that ascends the medial aspect of the upper extremity.

Dermatomes

Areas of skin that are mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve root.

Pectoralis Major

The largest muscle in the breast and pectoral region, responsible for adducting and medially rotating the arm.

Pectoralis Minor

A muscle that stabilizes the scapula by pulling it inferiorly and anteriorly.

Serratus Anterior

A muscle that abducts and protracts the scapula, holding it against the thoracic wall.