Unit 5 - APCSP

Quantitative Data

The type of data whose value is measured in the form of numbers or counts. It makes sense to take an average of this data.

Qualitative (Categorical) Data

The data that approximates and characterizes. Qualitative data can be observed and recorded. This data type is non-numerical in nature.

Correlation

A relationship between two pieces of quantitative data.

Metadata

Data that describes data.

Bar Chart

A visualization that counts how many times each value in the data column appears and makes a bar at that height. Uses 1 column of data; bars are separate; uses categorical data.

Histogram

A visualization that counts how many values are within a given range and makes a bar at that height. Uses 1 column of data; bars are touching; uses quantitative data.

Cleaning Data

A process that makes the data uniform without changing its meaning (replacing all equivalent abbreviations, spellings, capitalizations, etc.)

Data Filtering

Choosing a smaller subset of a data set to use for analysis (eliminating/keeping only certain rows in a table)

Scatterplot

A visualization that shows combinations of values from two columns of data. Uses 2 columns of data; uses quantitative data.

Citizen Science

Scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices.

Crowdsourcing

The practice of obtaining input or information from a large number of people via the Internet.

Information

The collection of facts and patterns extracted from data.

Data Bias

Data that does not accurately reflect the full potential or phenomenon being studied.

Artificial Intelligence

Intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals; the study of intelligent agents: any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of successfully achieving its goals; machines that mimic cognitive functions that humans associate with the human mind, such as learning and problem solving.

Machine Learning

Refers to a computer that can recognize patterns and make decisions without being explicitly programmed. It is a subset of AI.