DE PHYSICS SUMMER PACKET

Vocabulary flashcards covering constants, units, basic equations, and definitions from the video notes.

Earth's gravity (g)

Acceleration due to Earth's gravity at the surface (\approx9.81\text{ m/s}^2).

Moon's gravity

Gravitational acceleration on the Moon's surface (\approx1.62\text{ m/s}^2).

Mars's gravity

Gravitational acceleration on Mars (\approx3.71\text{ m/s}^2).

Venus's gravity

Gravitational acceleration on Venus (\approx8.87\text{ m/s}^2).

Earth's radius (km)

Mean radius of Earth in kilometers (\approx6,371\text{ km}).

Earth's radius (miles)

Mean radius of Earth in miles (\approx3,959\text{ mi}).

Earth's circumference (miles)

Circumference of Earth in miles (\approx24,901\text{ mi}).

Earth rotation period

Time for Earth to complete one rotation (\approx24\text{ hours}).

Earth-Sun distance (miles)

Average distance from Earth to the Sun (\approx93\text{ million miles}).

Earth-Sun distance (km)

Average distance from Earth to the Sun (\approx150\text{ million km}).

Astronomical Unit (AU) definition

The average distance from Earth to the Sun.

Earth-Moon distance (miles)

Average distance between Earth and Moon in miles (\approx238,855\text{ mi}).

Earth-Moon distance (km)

Average distance between Earth and Moon in kilometers (\approx384,400\text{ km}).

Light Year (ly) definition

Distance that light travels in one year in vacuum.

1 light year (ly) = ? meters

Distance in meters for one light year (\approx9.461 \times 10^{15}\text{ m}).

Earth's mass

Mass of Earth (\approx5.972 \times 10^{24}\text{ kg}).

Moon's mass

Mass of Moon (\approx7.342 \times 10^{22}\text{ kg}).

Jupiter's mass

Mass of Jupiter (\approx1.898 \times 10^{27}\text{ kg}).

Sun's mass

Mass of the Sun (\approx1.989 \times 10^{30}\text{ kg}).

Electron charge

Charge of an electron (-1.602 \times 10^{-19}\text{ C}).

Electron mass

Mass of electron (\approx9.109 \times 10^{-31}\text{ kg}).

Proton charge

+1.602 \times 10^{-19}\text{ C}. (Charge of a proton)

Proton mass

Mass of a proton (\approx1.673 \times 10^{-27}\text{ kg}).

Neutron charge

Charge of a neutron (0\text{ C}).

Neutron mass

Mass of a neutron (\approx1.675 \times 10^{-27}\text{ kg}).

Bohr radius

Most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom.

Bohr radius value

Bohr radius value: 0.0529\text{ nm}

Average human blood volume

Average adult blood volume: \approx9–12\text{ pints}

Normal blood pressure

Average blood pressure: 120/80\text{ mmHg}

Units of blood pressure

Units for blood pressure: mmHg (millimeters of mercury).

Top number in blood pressure

Systolic pressure.

Bottom number in blood pressure

Diastolic pressure.

What does systolic pressure measure?

Pressure in arteries when the heart beats.

What does diastolic pressure measure?

Pressure in arteries when the heart rests between beats.

Average human body temperature (°F)

Normal body temperature: \approx98.6\text{ °F}

Average resting heart rate (bpm)

Normal resting heart rate: \approx60–100\text{ bpm}

Closest star (not the Sun)

Closest star outside the Solar System: Proxima Centauri.

Distance to closest star

Distance to the nearest star: \approx4.24\text{ light-years}

Our galaxy name

Milky Way.

Number of stars in Milky Way

Estimated stars: \approx100–400\text{ billion}

Diameter of Milky Way

Milky Way diameter: \approx100,000–200,000\text{ light-years}

Exoplanet definition

A planet that orbits a star outside our solar system.

Habitable zone definition

Region around a star where liquid water could exist on a planet's surface.

\text{sin}(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)

1/2

\text{cos}(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)

\sqrt{3}/2

\text{tan}(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)(30°)

1/\sqrt{3}

\text{sin}(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)

\sqrt{2}/2

\text{cos}(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)

\sqrt{2}/2

\text{tan}(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)(45°)

1

\text{sin}(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)

\sqrt{3}/2

\text{cos}(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)

1/2

\text{tan}(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)(60°)

\sqrt{3}

Law of Cosines

c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\text{ cos}(C)

Law of Sines

\text{sin}(A)/a = \text{sin}(B)/b = \text{sin}(C)/c

x^a \cdot x^b

x^{(a+b)}

x^a / x^b

x^{(a−b)}

(x^a)^b

x^{(ab)}

1 angstrom = ? meters

10^{-10}\text{ m}

1 mm = ? nm

10^6\text{ nm (1,000,000 nm)}

1 nm = ? angstroms

10\text{ angstroms}

1 m = ? cm

100\text{ cm}

1 m = ? mm

1000\text{ mm}

1 m = ? feet

\approx3.281\text{ ft}

1 inch = ? cm

2.54\text{ cm}

1 mile = ? feet

5280\text{ ft}

1 mile = ? yards

1760\text{ yards}

1 mile = ? km

\approx1.609\text{ km}

1 km = ? m

1000\text{ m}

1 hour = ? seconds

3600\text{ s}

1 day = ? seconds

86400\text{ s}

1 year = ? seconds

\approx3.154 \times 10^7\text{ s}

1 cm$^3$ = ? mL

1\text{ mL}

1 kg = ? pounds (lbs)

\approx2.205\text{ lbs}