The Industrial Revolution and Its Impacts

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the Industrial Revolution, capitalism, socialism, and social changes during this period.

Capitalism

An economic system where private individuals and corporations own and operate the means of production and distribution.

Industrial Capitalism

A phase of capitalism characterized by industrial production and the use of machinery.

Trusts

Large business entities formed by companies to dominate markets by eliminating competition.

Robber Barons

Business leaders who were perceived to use exploitative practices to amass their wealth.

Socialism

An economic system advocating for collective or governmental ownership of production and property.

Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society where all property is publicly owned.

Proletariat

The working-class laborers in a capitalist society.

Bourgeoisie

The capitalist class who own the means of production and employ wage labor.

Cult of Domesticity

A societal ideal in the 19th century that emphasized women's roles as homemakers and moral guardians.

Separate Spheres

A social norm that designated distinct roles and spaces for men (public sphere) and women (private sphere).

Urbanization

The process of making an area more urban, typically involving a population shift from rural to urban areas.

Electric light

A major technological development that allowed homes and cities to be illuminated and transformed daily life.

Laissez-faire

An economic policy advocating for minimal government intervention in the economy.

Labor Unions

Organizations formed by workers to protect and promote their common interests, often concerning wages, hours, and working conditions.

Tenements

Crowded, unsanitary, and often dilapidated apartment buildings, common in rapidly urbanizing areas.

Mass Production

The manufacture of large quantities of standardized products, often using assembly lines or other automated technologies.