Animal Tissues Flashcards

Flashcards for Animal Tissues Lecture Review

Skeletal Muscle

Attached to bone in vertebrates, provides force for locomotion, under voluntary control.

Smooth Muscle

Surrounds hollow tubes like bronchioles, controls tube diameter, involuntary contraction.

Cardiac Muscle

Found only in the heart, interconnected cells providing force for heartbeat, involuntary contraction.

Tissue

A group of cells consisting of one or more cell types that together perform a specialized function.

Organ

Consists of several types of tissues that together carry out particular functions.

Muscle Tissue

Most abundant tissue type, specialized to contract and generate mechanical force.

Nervous Tissue

Complex networks of neurons that initiate and conduct electrical signals.

Neuron

Single nerve cell that initiates and conducts electrical signals.

Epithelial Tissues

Sheets of densely-packed cells that cover the body, enclose organs, or line body cavities.

Apical Surface

Exposed surface of epithelial tissue to fluid or air.

Basal Lamina

Extracellular matrix that separates epithelial tissue from underlying tissue.

Connective Tissues

Connect, anchor, and support; includes blood, adipose, bone, cartilage, loose and dense connective tissue.

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Formed by connective tissues around cells, provides scaffold, protection, and mechanical strength.

Blood

Connective tissue composed of red and white blood cells and platelets suspended in plasma.

Adipose Tissue

Connective tissue composed of lipid-filled cells, providing protection, insulation, and energy storage.

Dense Connective Tissue

Tightly packed collagen fibers in parallel arrays for strength but little flexibility.

Loose Connective Tissue

Loosely arranged collagen fibers mixed with elastin, holding organs in place.

Bone

Connective tissue composed of bone-forming cells secreting collagen embedded in calcium and phosphorus.

Cartilage

Connective tissue formed by collagen-secreting cells, softer and more flexible than bone.

Circulatory System

Major components: Heart, blood vessels, and blood. Major Function: Distributes nutrients, gases, wastes, and so on, to all parts of an animal's body

Digestive System

Major components: Mouth, stomach, intestines, rectum, anus, pancreas, gallbladder. Breaks complex foods into absorbable units.

Endocrine system

Major components: cells, tissue, organs, or glands that secrete hormones. Regulates and coordinates growth, development, metabolism, mineral balance, water balance, blood pressure, behavior, and reproduction

Excretory System

Organs including respiratory structures that are involved in removing soluble wastes from the body; the vertebrate urinary system. Eliminates soluble metabolic wastes; regulates body fluid volume and solute concentrations