MODULE 8 LAB CONCEPTS

What are the 6 external eye muscles and what do they do

Superior rectus elevates, inferior rectus depresses, medial rectus moves medially, lateral rectus moves laterally, superior oblique depresses, inferior oblique elevates.

What are the main surface structures of the eye and their functions

Eyebrow protects from sweat, eyelid protects the eye, eyelashes block debris, conjunctiva lubricates and protects, sclera protects and supports, cornea lets in and refracts light, iris controls pupil size, pupil allows light in.

What is the pathway of a tear from the lacrimal gland to the nose

Lacrimal gland → lacrimal puncta → lacrimal canaliculi → lacrimal sac → nasolacrimal duct → nasal cavity.

How are the internal eye structures organized

Anterior segment contains aqueous humor, iris, pupil, lens, and ciliary body; posterior segment contains vitreous humor, retina, optic disc, macula, and fovea; eye layers are fibrous, vascular, and neural.

What do the common visual lab demonstrations test

Visual acuity, peripheral vision, depth perception, color vision, pupil response, and the blind spot.

How are the ear structures organized

External ear collects sound, middle ear transmits and amplifies sound, internal ear is responsible for hearing and balance.

What is audiometry and how are results interpreted

Audiometry measures hearing sensitivity; normal hearing requires low dB levels, hearing loss requires louder sounds, and complete deafness shows no detectable response.

What tests are used for hearing, balance, taste, and smell

Hearing uses audiometry, Rinne, and Weber; balance uses Romberg and vestibular tests; taste uses taste tests; smell uses odor identification.