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an = a+(n-1)d
finding the nth term in arithmetic progression
s = n/2(2a1+(n-1)d)
sum of all terms in arithmetic progression if the d is given
s = n/2(a+an)
sum of all terms in arithmetic progression if the d is unknown
an = a1rn-1
finding the nth term in geometric progression
s = a1(1-rn) / (1-r)
sum of all terms in geometric progression is r>1
s = a1 / (1-r)
sum of all terms in geometric progression if r<1
complementary angles
sum of angles if 90o
supplementary angles
sum of angles if 180o
conjugate or explementary
sum of angles if 360o
sin0 / cos0
tan0 in quotient identities
cos0 / sin0
cot0 or reciprocal of tan0 in quotient identities
1 / tan0
reciprocal identity of cot0
1 / sin0
reciprocal identity of csc0
1 / cos0
reciprocal identity of sec0
sin20+cos20=1
tan20+1=sec20
1+cot20=csc20
pythagorean identities
sin(a+b)=sina cosb + cosa sinb
cos(a+b)=cosa cosb - sina sinb
tan(a+b)=tana + tanb / 1 - tana tanb
sum identities addition formulas
sin(a-b)=sina cosb + cosa sinb
cos(a-b)=cosa cosb + sina sinb
tan(a-b)=tana - tanb / 1 + tana tanb
difference identities substraction formulas
S = 180(n-2)
sum of interior angles
S = n(180) - (sum of interior)
sum of exterior angles
Nd = n/2*(n-3)
formula for finding the no. of diagonals
A = 1/4na2L
area of regular polygon
A = (1/2)nr2sin(360/n)
polygon inscribed in a circle
A = nr2tan(180/n)
polygon circumscribing a circle
L = a/2tan(180/n)
length of apothem
A = 1/2bh
area of triangle if base and height is given
A = 1/2absin0
area of triangle if side-angle-side is given
centroid
intersection of lines in median
orthocenter
intersection of lines in altitude
incenter
intersection of lines in angle bisector
circumcenter
intersection of lines in perpendicular bisector
V = Ab(∑H/no. of heights)
volume of truncated prism with similar cross section
V = h/6(A1+4Am+A2)
volume of prismatoid with similar cross section
V = 1/3(Ab*h)
volume of pyramid with similar cross section
V = h/3(A1+A2+√A1A2)
volume of frustum with similar cross section
A = 4πr2
area of a sphere
V = 4/3πr3
volume of a sphere
A = 4πr2(0/360)
area of spherical lune
V = 4/3πr3(0/360)
volume of spherical wedge
A = 2πrh
area of spherical zone
a2 = b2+c2-2bc*cosA
b2 = a2+c2-2ac*cosB
c2 = a2+b2-2ab*cosC
cosine law
AT =√s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
heron’s formula or area of triangle if all sides are given
A = √(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)(s-d)-abcdcos20
area of general quadrilateral
ma = √(2b2+2c2-a2)/4
median of a triangle
median
line drawn from a vertex towards the midpoint of the opposite side
angle bisector
line drawn from the vertex towards the opposite side such that the angle at the vertex is halved
altitude
line drawn perpendicular from a side towards the opposite vertex
perpendicular bisector
line drawn perpendicular from the midpoint of side
d1d2 = ac + bd
ptolemy’s theorem
A = 1/2d1d2sin0
area of a quadrilateral if diagonals are given