PT 444 Quiz 3 - Vocabulary and Definitions on Developmental Coordination Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder

development coordination disorder

neurodevelopment condition w/ marked impairments in development of fine and/or gross motor coordination that interferes w/ ability to perform age appropriate motor activities, and activities of daily living

- non progressive

- not caused by general medical condition

- age 6-12

diagnostic criteria of DCD

A. learning and performance of coordinated motor skills are not expected based on age and experience/opportunity for motor skill development

B. motor difficulties significantly interfere w/ activities of daily living, academics/occupation, leisure, and play

C. difficulty begins in early development

D. motor skill deficits not explained by intellectual or visual impairments, or due to neurological conditions impacting motor ability

DCD clinical presentation

dysfunction in gross motor, fine motor, psychosocial areas

DCD gross motor presentation

- decr force production

- immature balance rxn

- inability to follow 2-3 step motor commands

- abnormal running

DCD fine motor presentation

- difficulty handwriting

- shoe tying

- planning/executing skills like dressing

DCD psychosocial presentation

- anxiety

- low self-esteem

- depression

autism spectrum disorder

neurologically based developmental condition involving persistent challenges w/ social skills, communication, and repetitive behavior

- aspergers

- childhood disintegrative disorder

- pervasive developmental disorders

ASD risk factors

- sibling or parent w/ ASD

- genetic conditions

- valproic acid/thalidomide

- born to older parents

- not related to vaccines

diagnostic criteria for ASD

A. persistent deficits in social communication and interaction

B. restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior/interest

C. symptoms present in early development period

D. Sx cause clinical impairments in social, occupational, or other areas of function

E. disturbance not better explained by disability or developmental delay

early sx of ASD

- delayed language: no 2-word phrases by 2 yrs, words by 16 mo

- no response to name

- immature social response: no eye contact, no reciprocal actions

- repetitive body movement

- ritualistic behavior: lining up objects, touching in set order, no make-believe

- repetitive motion w/ objects

down syndrome

most frequent chromosomal condition caused by extra partial or complete chromosome 21

- associated w/ characteristic physical appearance, hypotonia, cognitive delay

clinical manifestations of down syndrome

- hypotonia

- joint flexibility

- upslanting eye corners

- flat face

- short limbs, broad hands/feet

- congenital heart Dz

- language and mild/mod cognitive impairments

- delayed acquisition of motor skills and gait

trisomy 21 down syndrome

meiotic:

- most common (95%)

- three copies of chrome 21 formed during meiosis

- not inherited

- abnormality occurs during formation of reproductive cells in parents

- reproductive cell has extra copy of chromosome 21

inherited:

- rarer

- parent w/ down syndrome has 35-50% likelihood of offspring also having it

translocation down syndrome

part of chromosome becomes attached to another chromosome during early fetal development

- individuals have 2 normal copies of chrom 21 and excess genetic material from chrom 21 on another chromosome

- inherited from unaffected parent who has balanced translocation involving chrom 21

- sporadic translocation

mosaic down syndrome

extra copy of chromosome 21 in only some cells

- occurs during mitosis

- not inherited

- abnormality occurs during cell division after fertilization