PAES TERMINOLOGIES

agricultural structures

chute

passageway for the animals that connects the lairage to the slaughtering area

downer

animal that is unable to move/stand

emergency slaughter

killing as soon as possible to prevent further suffering of the animals like downers

finished floor line

uppermost surface of a floor once construction has been completed

Isolation pen

designated compartment in the lairage used to separate sick and injured animal identified at the unloading area and ante mortem inspection

lairage

place where the animals can rest prior to slaughter

live weight

weight of the live animal prior to slaughter

transport vehicle

means of transporting animals, including but not limited to trucks, tractors, trailers, or utility vehicles

slaughterhouse/abattoir

premises that are approved and registered by the controlling authority in which food animals are slaughtered for human consumption

suspected animal

any animal presented for slaughter showing physical or physiological abnormalities that may lead the authority to pass or condemn until final judgement can be ascertained and therefore requiring further inspection and/or examination

swine

general term for hogs, pigs, native pigs, and shoats

small ruminant

refers to sheep, goat, and deer

aeration

movement of air through stored grains for purposes other than drying

access door

provides access inside the silo which may be located at the roof or at the wall

angle of friction

angle of the material when the grains held starts to move

base flooring

floor located at the basement of flat bottom silos

control panel

panel where all the controls are located, with or without mimic board

eave height

height of the vertical-walled segment of silo

elevator

mechanism that facilitates vertical movement of grains

elevator boot

equipment for receiving grains at the bottom of a bucket elevator

equivalent height

height of grains at level condition

fumigation

action of releasing a toxic chemical in the gaseous state to control a targeted pest

grain

milled or unmilled, seeds or fruits of various food plants more specifically the cereal grasses.

headhouse

grain receiving area which may consist of elevator and other accessories such as weighing and cleaning machines

hopper

sloping, walled structure for discharging grains

load distribution system

structure above the silo bins that houses conveyor systems for grain distribution

mimic board

board where the flow of grains at different points of the system at any time will be reflected

overall height

distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the silo structure

overall length

distance between the vertical planes at the right angles to the median plane of the silo structure and touching its front and rear extremities

overall width

distance between the vertical planes parallel to the median plane of the machine, each plane touching the outermost point of the silo structure on its respective side

peak height

overall height of the silo structure from the topmost structure of the roof to the ground

silo

unit consisting of upright containers used for storage and handling of grains in bulk and provided with necessary equipment and accessories

silo diameter

inside diameter of the largest inscribed circle within the silo cross-section

silo flooring

surface at the bottom of the silo where the grains lie

slenderness

ratio of the equivalent height (h) to the silo diameter (d), (h:d)

spout

passageway of grains to be loaded into the silo

stiffener

vertical frame fastened to the silo walls which carries the loads

storage block

portion of the silo where grains are stored

transition

intersection of the hopper and the vertical wall, for hopper bottom type silos

unloading system

structure below or at ground level that houses the collection equipment

volumetric capacity

volume contained in the cylindrical portion only of the silo or the volume contained in both the cylindrical portion and the conical section within the roof space

wall ring

one level of the storage block of silo

weather proofing

process of sealing the connections between sheets and other parts such as caulking

wind rings

connected to the sidewall stiffeners to provide continuous circular reinforcement around the silo

access ramp

slope located at the side of the road carriageway that provides entrance from lower ground levels

aggregates

granular material of mineral composition such as sand, gravel, shell, crushed and uncrushed stone or lightweight materials

agriculture and fisheries

production of crops, livestock, and aquatic flora and fauna

backfill

suitable materials such as gravel, sand, and earth used to refill excavated materials during construction

backfilling

the act of refilling suitable materials or replacing unsuitable materials removed during construction

base course

layer of aggregate, soil-treated aggregate, treated soil, or soil aggregate of designed thickness that rests upon the Subbase or if no Subbase, upon the sub-grade, to support a surface course.

borrow

suitable material used for embankments

California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

ratio between a test load and an arbitrarily defined standard load, expressed as a percentage

clearing

removal and disposal of trees, vegetation or other unwanted materials from the ground surface

coco coir twine

string made of coconut coir strands twisted together

coco coir peat

natural and residual materials from coconut coir which serves as soil conditioner

coco-log

tubular structure of coconut coir fiber blankets of different diameter filled with coco coir, and/or coco peat

coconet

handspun coconut coir fiber twine woven into blankets of different density

coconut geonet

any coconut coir fiber-based material such as coconets, coco-logs, coco peat, placed in sloping lands and embankments to hold the vulnerable soil and permit vegetative growth to control surface erosion and conserve the productivity of the soil

compaction

application of pressure to soil materials to result in a dense mass free of excessive voids; minimizes settlement, decreases permeability and increases strength

concrete

hardened mixture of fine and coarse aggregate, water, cement, and admixtures

Contractor

entity having a Contract with a procurement agency and accredited by the Philippine Constructors Accreditation Board (PCAB)

course

structural component of specified thickness; it may consist of one layer or more

crossfall

transverse slope that helps the carriageway to drain properly

culvert

drainage structure that may or may not, directly support and that extends across and beneath a highway street, driveway, alley, arterial, or other public way

drainage

removal of water from the road area by the use of culverts, ditches, channels and other several structures

earthwork

operations connected with excavating and placing embankments with soil, earth or rock

embankment

construction, usually of earth or stone, to raise the ground or formation level above the natural surface

Engineer

a person authorized by law and registered and licensed by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) to design and supervise the construction of Farm-to-Market Roads; refers to the engineer of the implementing agency

Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESAL)

load from the conversion of an expected axle load into an equivalent number of 18-kip single axle load

erosion control

protection of soil from disclosing by water, wind, or other agent

excavation

act of cutting, digging, or scooping to remove material

farm

place devoted for agricultural and fisheries production

Farm-to-Market Roads (FMR)

road within the agriculture and fisheries production areas, coastal landing points, and postharvest or processing facilities that links to local roads, national highways, and markets

Field Density Test (FDT)

determination of the degree of compaction of the soil

fill

suitable embankment materials placed above natural ground line

geotextile

fabrics used in subsurface drainage, hydraulic filter, erosion control, sediment control, pavement structures and used as waterproofing and stress relieving membrane, and as a permeable separator to prevent mixing of dissimilar materials such as foundations and select fill materials

grade

slope of a roadway, channel, or natural ground

gradation

property of a soil which describes the distribution of size groups

gradient

rate of increase or decrease in the level of the land, the slope expressed in percentage

grading

preparation of the sub-grade, in line and elevation, for application of pavement materials including base and surfacing materials

grubbing

removal and disposal of trees, and other unwanted materials below the ground surface

intersection

general area where two or more roads, within which are included the roadway and roadside facilities for traffic movements in that area

lane roadway

roadway with single, two, or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic

local roads

road that predominantly carries through traffic from one area to another, forming principal avenues of travel for traffic movements which include provincial, municipal, city, and barangay roads

market

a place, building, or structure where buyers and sellers meet for the sale or purchase of agriculture and fisheries products

masonry

form of stone, brick, concrete block, concrete, or other similar building materials that have been bonded together with mortar to form a structure

one-lane concrete road

concrete roadway, with clearly marked single or one lane for vehicular traffic

Plans

the contract drawings which show the locations, character, and dimension of the prescribed work, including layouts, profiles, cross sections, and other details

Right of Way (ROW)

a part or the entirety of the property, site, or location with defined physical boundaries used or required by a government project

riprap

quarried stone especially selected, graded and placed to prevent erosion and thereby preserve the shape of a surface, slope, or underlying structure

road carriageway

portion of a road intended for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of shoulders

road carriageway width

lateral design width for one lane or two lanes strip of roadway

road shoulder

portion of the roadway contiguous with the travelled way for accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, and for lateral support of base and surface courses

road upgrading

civil works covering removal, replacement, widening of pavement, and/or increase of thickness of pavement to ensure road safety and easier road safety

roadbed

graded portion of a road between top and side slopes, prepared as a foundation for the pavement structure and shoulders

roadway

space, location, or site intended to employ traffic consideration, preferably for the transport of agricultural and fisheries products

salvage materials

saving of different existing materials from the projects which are removed and intended to be used in other construction

sidewalk

portion of the roadway primarily constructed for the use of pedestrians

sight distance

distance at which a driver of a vehicle can see an object of specified height on the road ahead, assuming adequate sight and visual acuity and clear atmospheric conditions

shoulder rollover

difference in crossfall between the pavement and its adjacent shoulder