Dental Lab Final

Which type of charting is recommended?

4 handed charting

GR

Gingival recession

M

Mobility

O

Missing tooth

P

Periodontal Pocket

FE

Furcation exposure

GH

Gingival Hyperplasia

RE

Root exposure

RL

Resorptive lesion

FORL

Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesion

RL

Root Lesion

Extractions are noted with a(n)?

X or //

What is this representing?

Crown fracture

What is this representing?

Retained Deciduous

What instrument is used to detect plaque and calculus?

Explorers

What instrument is hooked to the rigt on one end and to the left on the other end?

Pigtail explorer

The primary use of this instrument is to measure pocket/sulcus depths around a tooth in order to check the health of the periodontium?

Periodontal probes

What instrument allows quick removal of large pieces of calculus?

calculus removal forceps

Scalers have ____ sharp sides and a sharp tip

3

Scalers can be used ____ only

Supragingivally

Curettes have ____ sharp sides and can be used subgingivally and supragingivally

2

Converts energy from a power source into a soundwave

Ultrasonic

_____ is not recommended because it easily damages the tooth

Rotary

Operates at lower speeds with higher torque

Can’t use water to cool teeth

Electric dental units

Compressed air from a cylinder or air compressor

Some compressors require oil for lubrication

Air must be drained daily to prevent condensation

Air-powered systems

What are low speed hand pieces used for?

Polishing teeth

What are high speed hand pieces used for?

Used for cutting teeth, root canal entries, and other procedures

The care of high speed hand pieces includes spraying lubricant into the ___ or the 2 large holes?

Smaller

What burs is used for cavity prep?

Pear shape and inverted cone

What bur is used for cutting teeth, root canal access

Cross fissure bur

What bur is used on alveolar bone?

Round bur

What bur is used in restoration?

finishing bur

T or F: burs should not go in sharps?

False

In dentistry, ______ is used for the rinsing of the root canal during root canal therapy?

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)

This removes scratches in enamel

Polisher

Removes plaque and calculus

ultrasonic scalers

Most popular and effective solution used in cases of gingivitis and periodontal disease it is effective against bacteria, fungus, yeast, and viruses

Chlorhexidine (concentration of 0.12%)

Normal gingival sulcus depth for dogs is _____ and for cats ____

1-3mm; ½ to 1mm

The puppy has _____ teeth and the adult dog has ____ teeth

28 and 42

What is the hardest substance in the bady? it is also fairly resistant to stains.

Enamel

Dentin is produced by___

Ondontoblasts

The tooth is held into the alveolus by the _____

Periodontal ligament

In the dental formulas, the primary teeth are indicated by _____

Lower case letters

A class _____ occlusion is said to occur when the mandible is shorter than normal.

II

Inflammation of the gingiva is called _____

gingivitis

Maxillary brachygnathism is caused by a ______ maxilla

Shortened

_____ will normally resist staining, but _____ will stain easily due to it being porous

Enamel, dentin

(T/F) A slab fracture is the most common fracture of the 4th premolar

True

Select the choice that includes ONLY types of hand instruments. (What are the hand instruments?)

Explorers, periodontal probes, calculus removal forceps, curettes

T or F Scalers have 2 sharp sides and a sharp tip?

False

Scalers should not be used __________ because they could damage the gingiva and the periodontal ligaments.

Subgingivally

SLOB Rule

Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal

Which tooth has 3 roots and is imaged using the SLOB rule?

Maxillary 4th premolar

Nasopalatine duct is responsible for the conduction of ___________ from the mouth to the nasal cavity, thereby assisting in communication and breeding

pheromones

(T/F) The cutting edge is the working portion of the scaler.

True

A _____________ blade will not reflect light, and a ____________ blade will reflect light.

Sharp, dull

(T/F) Used burs do not have to be treated as sharps.

False

An acquired pellicle is classified as...

An acellular film composed of salivary glycoproteins that closely and firmly adheres to the oral cavity.

(T/F) The amount of plaque and calculus will always correspond to the degree of periodontal disease that is present in a patient.

False

Stage 4 periodontal disease is classified by:

Probing and radiographic signs of attachment loss >50%, Severe pocket depth or recession, Bleeds easily on probing, Pus, bone loss, mobility, Advanced breakdown

What are the systemic effects of periodontal disease?

bacteria introduced into the blood stream

Mesaticephic

Medium head breeds

brachycephalic

short wide heads

dolichocephalic heads

long narrow heads

the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone, and serving to hold the tooth in its socket

peridonatal ligament

The transformation of energy from a painful stimulus into nerve impulses by pain receptors.

Transduction

The movement of nerve impulses to the spinal cord and then to the brain. This process can be inhibited by use of local anesthetics, opioids, and alpha-2 agonists.

Transmission

The transmission of the painful stimulus at the spinal cord to be transmitted to the brain as pain or to inhibit further transmission to the brain

Modulation

When tissue is injured, the painful response is recognized by the central nervous system through a process called

Nociception

What is the goal of preemptive analgesia?

What does local anesthesia do?

decreases the depth of general anesthesia

It also helps with post-op pain control, minimizes complications (ie: hypoventilation, hypotension, bradycardia

What instruments level abnormally uneven occlusal surface

Files and rasps (floats)

The materials needed for regional nerve blocks in the oral cavity are a _______________________________ and a local anesthetic agent

1 cc tuberculin syringe,
25 to 27 gauge
¾ to 1 inch needle

If regional anesthesia is being performed on a 10lb cat (4.6kgs) with all 4 quadrants being blocked, the cat would receive 0.4mls total (0.1ml per site).

0.4mls X 5 mg/ml (concentration of bupivacaine) = 2mg (total)

The max total dose for this patient would be 9.2 mgs.

4.6 kg X 2 mg/kg= 9.2 mgs

In dental radiography the kVp and MA is usally fixed and the time can be adjusted.

True

Bupivacaine at a concentration of _____ is the drug of choice

0.5%

What is the total dose of lidocaine in feline and canine patients?

feline: 2.5mg/kg
canine: 5.0mg/kg

Which drugs onset is faster?

Lidocaine

Why is epi used with bupivacaine?

decreases the chance of toxicity and counteract vasodilation when added to bupivacaine.

Which of the following is true about bupivacaine?

Shown to effectively double the analgesic duration when combined with bupivacaine

What are the nerve block rules?

- ALWAYS ASPIRATE

- DO NOT GO IV!!!!!!

- INJECT SLOWLY

This is used to block the nerves that innervate the canine and incisor teeth.
In addition, the first three premolar teeth, as well as the maxillary bone and surrounding soft tissue, are affected

Cranial Infraorbital or Rostral Maxillary Nerve Block

This block will anesthetize the upper molars and PM4, caudal cheek teeth and associated bone and soft tissue (basically blocks the entire maxillary quadrant and surrounding bone/soft tissue)

The soft palatal mucosa, hard palatal mucosa and bone will also be affected by this block

This may be preferred over infraorbital nerve blocks

Caudal Maxillary Nerve Block

For the Mental or Rostral Mandibular Nerve Block the landmark for infiltration is the ?

mandibular labial frenulum

This block anesthetized include the incisors, the canine and the first three premolars.
The adjacent bone and soft tissue also are also affected

mental or rostral mandibular nerve block

Which block imposes a threat to tongues caused by mastication?

Caudal Mandibular/Inferior Alveolar block

This nerve block affects the oral side of the hard palate.The areas affected are bone and soft tissue of the hard and soft palate and the palatal aspect of the gingiva surrounding the maxillary arcade.

major palatine nerve block

What are the complications of nerve blocks?

hemtoma, tachycardia, dysrhythmia, bronchospasm, broken needle, tongue and lip chewing, damage to the nerve, allergic reaction

What are the indications for exodontics?

tooth cannot be salvaged or the client is unwilling or unable to perform home care

This instrument is used for used for cutting the periodontal ligament and expanding the alveolus (tooth socket

Luxator

This instrument is used to elevate canine and feline teeth (raise them from the socket)

Elevators

This instrument is used for used for elevating and extracting retained root tips?

Root tip picks

Used to elevate gingival tissue and periosteum from the bone in periodontal surgery

Periosteal elevators

Extractions are surgical procedure with the instrument entering tissue instruments must be ?

Sterilized

What is the recommended method for exodontic procedures?

rotate/stretch/tear

What are the single rooted teeth in the dog?

incisors, canines, first pre-molars, and mandibular 3rd molar

What are the single rooted teeth in the cat?

incisor, canines, and maxillary second pre-molar

What are the complications of extractions?

trauma, hemorrhage, slippage, loss of function, root tips stuck in mandibular canal

Power-driven periotome with foot pedal operation that cuts the periodontal ligament like a luxator

VetTome Powertome