Introduction to UCSP Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary cards covering Identity, Culture, Society, and Socialization based on the UCSP lecture transcript.

Identity

Refers to the concepts of who people are, what kind of people they are, and how they relate to others.

Primary Identity

An identity developed through family, early childhood experiences, and socialization at home.

Secondary Identity

An identity developed through school, workplace, peer groups, and organizations.

Personal Identity

Unique individual characteristics such as personality, talents, and interests, as defined by Angelo Andriolo and Timothy Owens.

Social Identity

Roles occupied within groups, such as gender, ethnicity, religion, and social class, as defined by Angelo Andriolo and Timothy Owens.

Collective Identity

A sense of belonging to a specific group, social movement, or cultural organization, as defined by Angelo Andriolo and Timothy Owens.

Culture

A society's overall way of life, consisting of a set of beliefs, ideas, and material objects shared by members.

Society (MacIver and Page)

A web of social relationships which is always changing; a group of people living together and sharing social relationships.

Cultural Change

Changes in the beliefs, values, traditions, customs, and ways of life of a society over time.

Political Change

Refers to changes in the way power is organized and used in society.

Technology and Social Change

Forces that shape the way we communicate, learn, participate in politics, and experience culture.

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another to live, work, study, or seek better opportunities.

Social Sciences

Academic disciplines that examine human behavior and social relationships.

Anthropology

The systematic study of the biological, cultural, and social aspects of human beings.

Social Anthropology

The branch of anthropology that studies social relationships and how people interact within groups and communities.

Cultural Anthropology

The branch of anthropology that studies cultural practices, beliefs, values, customs, and traditions of different societies.

Linguistic Anthropology

The branch of anthropology that studies language and communication in their cultural and social contexts.

Physical Anthropology

The branch of anthropology that studies human biology and evolution, including physical diversity and adaptation.

Archaeology

The branch of anthropology that studies past human societies through material remains and objects left behind.

Sociology (Anthony Giddens)

The study of human social life, groups, and society.

Political Science

The study of politics and government.

Public Administration

An area of political science that focuses on how governments manage and deliver services.

Political Economy

An area of political science that examines the relationship between political systems and economic activities.

Comparative Politics

An area of political science that compares political systems and governments across countries.

Political Theory

An area of political science that explores ideas about power, justice, rights, and the good society.

International Relations

An area of political science that examines interactions between countries and international organizations.

Society (General Definition)

A group of individuals sharing a common culture, a geographical location, and a government.

Social Solidarity

The bond that unites people in a society, building cooperation, trust, and a sense of belonging.

Hunting and Gathering Societies

The earliest form of society where survival depended on hunting animals and gathering edible plants.

Horticultural Societies

Societies that relied on the cultivation of plants, marking a shift toward more settled living.

Pastoral Societies

Societies that depended on the domestication of animals as a source of food and livelihood.

Agricultural Societies

Societies characterized by food production and the use of advanced farming tools.

Industrial Societies

Societies driven by machines, factories, and mass production.

Post-Industrial Societies

Societies where technology and innovation drive development.

Material Culture

Physical or tangible objects produced and used by a society.

Nonmaterial Culture

Intangible elements—such as language, beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms—that influence behavior and action.

Folklore

Community stories and narratives shared within a society and passed down through oral tradition.

Myths

Traditional stories, usually believed to be sacred and true, that explain the origins of the world, natural phenomena, or cultural practices.

Legends

Stories about human beings with extraordinary abilities or unusual events that happened in the past.

Folktales / Kuwentong Bayan

Fictional stories passed down through generations that entertain and teach lessons about life, morality, or values.

Proverbs

Short, well-known sayings that express wise and practical truths or advice about life.

Riddles

Questions or statements with hidden or clever answers, used for fun or to challenge thinking.

Symbols

Things that represent ideas or convey meaning within a culture.

Language

A set of symbols used for communication.

Values

Shared standards of what a society considers good or bad, right or wrong, and desirable or undesirable.

Norms

Shared rules of conduct that guide behavior in society.

Folkways

Norms that can be violated without serious consequences.

Mores

Norms with moral importance.

Laws

Norms that are legally enacted and enforced.

Socialization

The lifelong process of forming identity and acquiring necessary survival skills through social interaction.

Enculturation

The process by which a person learns and acquires the culture of his or her society.

Context

Particular circumstances—such as location, climate, time period, historical experience, and contact with other cultures—that shape a culture.

Functionalism (Perspective on Culture)

Views culture as a system that helps society maintain stability and harmony.

Conflict Theory

Sees culture as a tool for power, control, and inequality that benefits dominant groups.

Symbolic Interactionism

Focuses on how people create and share meanings through daily interactions and symbols.

Multiculturalism

An ideology that recognizes and promotes cultural diversity in society.

Relativistic Approach

The anthropological view that all cultures are equal and unique, and that no culture is superior or inferior to another.

Ethnocentrism

The tendency to judge other cultures using the standards of one's own culture, viewing one's own culture as superior.

Xenocentrism

The tendency to see other cultures as superior and one's own culture as inferior.

Internalization

The process of accepting society's norms, values, attitudes, and roles into an individual's own beliefs and behavior.

Agents of Socialization

The people, groups, and institutions (family, school, peers, mass media, etc.) that influence how we think, feel, and act.

Pluralist Model

A media model stating that media promotes public discussion and democracy.

Market Model

A media model stating that media provides content based on what audiences want.

Dominant-Ideology Model

A media model stating that media reflects the interests of political and economic elites.

Elite-Values Model

A media model stating that media content is influenced by the personal values of journalists and editors.

Conformity

Adjusting individual behavior to follow group norms.

Deviance

Any behavior that violates the social norms or rules of a group or society.

Structural Strain Theory (Robert K. Merton)

States that deviance occurs when there is a strain between cultural goals and the legitimate means available to achieve them.

Differential Association Theory (Edwin Sutherland)

States that deviant behavior is learned through social interaction and exposure within intimate personal groups.

Labeling Theory (Howard Becker)

States that deviance is created by society's reactions and labels, which influence a person's self-identity.

Control Theory (Travis Hirschi)

States that individuals with strong social bonds (attachment, commitment, involvement, belief) are less likely to engage in deviance.

Social Control

The mechanisms and strategies through which society encourages people to follow rules and maintain order.

Informal Social Control

Unwritten rules and expectations enforced through interpersonal relationships and everyday interactions.

Formal Social Control

Written rules and laws enforced by official institutions with authority to reward or punish.

Sanctions

Consequences used by society to encourage proper behavior or discourage improper behavior.

Human Dignity

The concept that every human being possesses inherent worth.