drug classes

antacids, antiflatulence, and anti-reflux conditions/treatments

sore stomach, acid stomach, peptic ulcer disease, heartburn, gerd symptoms, flatulence, dyspepsia

systemic

soluble, absorbed in the GIT, capable of changing intracellular pH, usually fast acting but not long acting (alka seltzers), calcium carbonate (Tums, Maalox, in combo with mgoh2= rolaids), bismuth subsalilylate (pepto)

non-systemic antacids

forms non soluble complexes in the gi, little systemuc absorption, but there can be a little like mg++ can alkasize urine, aluminum hydroxide (amphojel), magnesium hydroxide (Philips milk of magnese), magaldrate complex of hydroxymagnesium and aluminum

simethicone

antiflatulent, oval, phazyme, gas x, combo products like diovol, and maalox, no absoprtion, makes gas easier to expel

alginic acid

graviscon, for gerd, reacts with saliva and stomach acid to form a foam that floats to the top of the stomach, acts as a mechanical barrier, not absorbed systemically

h2 receptor blockers

reduces acid secretion by stomach parietal cells, for heartburn and indigestion, can be used for prevention when taken 15 minutes before food, zantac (ranitidine), pepcid (famotadine), takes longer to work but lasts longer

PPI’s

work irreversably by reducing k+/h+ ATPase enzyme of the proton pump found in the parietal cell of the stomach, indicated for shprt term gerd PTC for 14 days, omaprezol and esomprazole

osmotic laxatives

increases water content in the lumen by increasing the osmotic pressure and causes watery stool, increases bulk which increases peristalsis, tries to equalize salt concentration, most are saline cathartic, magnesium (milk of magnesia, citromag), phophate salts (fleet enema), na k salts (golytely), na pisosalate and mg citrate (picolax), PEG3350 (laxaday), PEG3350 and other salts (peglyte)

stimulant laxatives

mucosal irritation or nerve stimulation, causes increased gi motility, bisacody (dalcolax), senna (Senokot®, Ex- \n Lax® natural)

bulk forming laxatives

retains water in stool to increase bulk, stimulates gi, can also modify school consistancy, psysillium (metmusil), methylcellulose (citrucel), inulin derived chicary root (benefibre)

lubricant laxatives

lubricates fecal mass, coats fecal mass to prevent water loss, mineral oil (nujol), mineral oil and glycerin (agarol)

surfactant laxatives

has a detergant action, penetrates the feces and changes consistancy, does not stimulate parastalsis, docusate sodium (colase), docusate calcium (surfak)