chem monatomic ions and naming conventions

H⁺

Hydrogen

Li⁺

Lithium

Na⁺

Sodium

K⁺

Potassium

Rb⁺

Rubidium

Cs⁺

Cesium

Fr⁺

Francium

Be²⁺

Beryllium

Mg²⁺

Magnesium

Ca²⁺

Calcium

Sr²⁺

Strontium

Ba²⁺

Barium

Ra²⁺

Radium

Al³⁺

Aluminum

C⁴⁺

Carbon

Si⁴⁺

Silicon

F^-

Fluoride

Cl^-

Chloride

Br^-

Bromide

I^-

Iodide

At^-

Astatide

H^-

Hydride

O^2-

Oxide

S^2-

Sulfide

Se^2-

Selenide

Te^2-

Telluride

N^3-

Nitride

P^3-

Phosphide

As^3-

Arsenide

C^4-

Carbide

Si^4-

Silicide

Cu⁺

Copper (I)

Cu²⁺

Copper (II)

Fe²⁺

Iron (II)

Fe³⁺

Iron (III)

Pb²⁺

Lead (II)

Pb⁴⁺

Lead (IV)

Mn²⁺

Manganese (II)

Mn³⁺

Manganese (III)

Sn²⁺

Tin (II)

Sn⁴⁺

Tin (IV)

Hg_2²⁺

Mercury (I)

Hg²⁺

Mercury (II)

Co²⁺

Cobalt (II)

Co³⁺

Cobalt (III)

Ni²⁺

Nickel (II)

Ni³⁺

Nickel (III)

Cr²⁺

Chromium (II)

Cr³⁺

Chromium (III)

Au⁺

Gold (I)

Au³⁺

Gold (III)

Ti³⁺

Titanium (III)

Ti⁴⁺

Titanium (IV)

V³⁺

Vanadium (III)

V⁵⁺

Vanadium (V)

Ag⁺

Silver

Cd²⁺

Cadmium

Zn²⁺

Zinc

oxyacid naming conventions

drop hydrogen

start with root name of anion

replace “ate” with “ic”

replace “ite” with “ous”

add acid

low oxidation state

“ite” ending

ex: NO2 - nitrite

lowest oxidation state

hypo-xxx-ite

ex: ClO - hypochlorite

high oxidation state

-ate ending

NO3 - Nitrate

highest oxidation state

per-xxx-ate ending

ClO4 - perchlorate

Solubility rules (11)

1) salts containing group 1 elements are soluble. salts containing the ammonium (NH4) ion are also soluble

2) salts containing the nitrate (NO3) ion are generally soluble

3) salts containing Cl, Br, or I are generally soluble. except halide salts of Ag, Pb2+, and (Hg2)2+. Thus AgCl, PbBr2, and Hg2Cl2 are insoluble

4) most silver salts are soluble. AgNO3 and Ag(C2H3O2) are common soluble salts of silver. mostly all others are insoluble

5) most sulfate salts are soluble. important exceptions are CaSO4, BaSO4, PbSO4, Ag2SO4, and SrSO4

6) most hydroxide salts are only slightly soluble. hydroxide salts of group 1 elements are soluble. hydroxide salts of group 2 elements are slightly soluble. hydroxide salts of transition metals and Al3+ are insoluble.

7) most sulfides of transition metals are highly insoluble, including CdS, FeS, Zns, etc. Arsenic, antimony, and bismuth are also insoluble.

8) carbonates are frequently insoluble. group 2 carbonates are insoluble, as are FeCO3 and PbCO3

9) chromates are frequently insoluble

10) phosphates are frequently insoluble

11) fluorides are frequently insoluble.