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Happiness definition
Happiness is a level of satisfaction that we have reached because we are satisfied in our life and have found a good balance in the most important fields for us
Roots of the word happiness
from the word 'happ’ which means ‘luck’
In French “Bonheur” from the latin word: “bonum augurium” “bon augure” “bonne fortune”
More information about the definition of happiness
subjective
experience of positive mood
if we are happy in life it is not only a short emotion but more “a state of happiness” linked with a period
we can reach this stage in many different ways
Definition of well-being
liking your life and feeling good
Neurotransmitters involved in happiness
dopamine
serotonin
oxytocin
endorphin
What does Martin Seligman say about reaching happiness?
3 possibilities to reach happiness
activities which give good moments (such as social activities)
activities where you feel a “flow”
find a place in the society : activity larger than you / not only linked with your own satisfaction but others
Who suggested the 3 possibilities to reach happiness?
Martin Seligman
Eudaimonic happiness meaning in Greek
good spirit
Eudaimonic happiness definition
spending effort for a challenge that you really like and make a contribution to a bigger project than a strictly personal project
Order of Maslow’s Pyramid
self-actualization
esteem
social
safety
physiological
Results of Waldingler 2015 study on happiness
good and close relationships more than money are what keep people happy throughout their lives
good and close relationships are better predictors of long and happy lives than social class, IG, or even genes
studies show that you are happier after 50 if you are in good health
Examples of compensation
food
video games
alcohol
tobacco
drugs
gambling
Stress definition of Mansoor 2011
stress occurs when an individual realizes that the requirements are more demanding than he or she can handle
Job stress definition Ukandu 2012
response employees may experience when faced with work pressures
What are the bad effects of stress?
chronic job stress has negative effects on employee health
job stress has negative effects on the efficiency of the company
Company impact of stress
stress is a killer
stress accounts for 60 - 80% of workplace accidents
29% of workers admitted to wanting to punch a coworker because of stress
mental breakdowns become more and more important
Potential sources of stress
Environmental factors
Organizational factors
Personal factors
Individual differences
Cultural differences
Consequences of stress
Physiological symptoms
Psychological symptoms
Behavioral symptoms
Examples of environmental factors
economic uncertainty
political uncertainty
technological change
Examples of organizational demands
task demands
role demands
interpersonal demands
Examples of personal factors
family problems
economic problems
Examples of individual differences
perception
job experience
social support
personality traits
Examples of physiological symptoms
immediate effects
illness
chronic health conditions
Examples of psychological symptoms
anxiety
lower emotional well-being
lower job satisfaction
Examples of behavioral symptoms
lower job performance
higher absenteeism
higher turnover
Affect definition
covers a broad range of feelings people experience, including emotions and moods
Emotions definition
emotions are intense feelings that are directed at someone or something
Moods definition
are the feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions, lack a contextual stimulus, and last longer
How can emotions be useful?
to guide us
to avoid some people
to find our place in society
What happened to Phineas Gage?
an iron rod was accidentally driven into his skull and he became unable to control his emotions
How do elastic emotions shape us?
overreaction due to the past
current situation reminds you of a past situation
What is resilience according to the American Psychological Association?
Resilience is the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats, or significant stressors
What are some ways to build resilience?
Focus on hopeful thoughts
Self-care (sleep, exercise, nutrition)
Seek support from friends or professionals
Practice self-acceptance
Learn from past challenges
What are common issues related to low self-esteem?
Fear of failure
Difficulty saying "no"
Trouble expressing needs
Rumination and negative thoughts
What is the transition curve (or change curve)?
A psychological model that describes emotional responses to change, including denial, resistance, exploration, and acceptance.
What is the "roller coaster of change" according to Stephen Haines?
A model that illustrates how people experience ups and downs emotionally while adapting to change.
What is the Selye Model of Stress?
A model describing the body's reaction to stress in three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
What are the two main types of coping strategies?
Problem-focused coping: Addressing the root cause of stress
Emotion-focused coping: Managing emotional reactions to stress
What happens during the alarm stage of Selye’s GAS?
he body activates the "fight-or-flight" response, releasing stress hormones
What happens during the resistance stage of Selye’s GAS?
The body attempts to adapt to ongoing stress, maintaining higher-than-normal physiological functions
What happens during the exhaustion stage of Selye’s GAS?
The body’s resources are depleted, leading to burnout, illness, or other health problems
What is an acute stressor?
A short-term stressor that occurs suddenly and has a clear endpoint, like an exam or a sudden deadline
What is a chronic stressor?
A long-term, ongoing source of stress, like financial difficulties or workplace pressure
Who developed the Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Stress?
Richard Lazarus
What are the two main types of appraisal in the Cognitive-Mediational Theory
Primary appraisal and secondary appraisal
What is primary appraisal in stress?
Evaluating whether an event is a threat, a challenge, or irrelevant
What is secondary appraisal in stress?
Assessing one's ability and resources to cope with the stressor
What does SPARK stand for in the SPARK Resilience Model?
Situation, Perception, Autopilot, Reaction, Knowledge
What is the "Perception" component in the SPARK Model?
Recognizing how one interprets and thinks about the situation
What is the "Autopilot" component in the SPARK Model?
Becoming aware of automatic emotional and behavioral responses
What is the "Reaction" component in the SPARK Model?
Understanding immediate emotional and physiological reactions
What is the "Knowledge" component in the SPARK Model?
Applying coping strategies to manage stress effectively
