Lecture 27 : cronobacter and yersinia

natural habitat of cronobacter

plant and organic material

can cronobacter growing low aw?

yes, for many years

growth characteristics (4)

resistance to desiccation, resistance to osmotic stress, biofilm, tolerant to acid

what additive to baby formula is an infant nutrient that facilitates cronobacter growth

sialic acid

when does cronobacter contamination occur

pasteurization, dry blending, opening by user, biofilm on package

what is the model for cronobacter infection (in infants)

colonize mucosal surfaces, translocate into the blood stream, overcome host defenses, cross the blood-brain barrier and survive in cerebrospinal

virulence factors of cronobacter

opportunistic, LPS, outer membrane protein A to penetrate epithelial cells, protease (lyse cells), enterotoxin

symptoms of cronobacter in infants

poor feeding response, irritability, fever, jaundice, grunting while breathing, unstable body temperature, very low energy

prevention at home

boil bottles, rehydrate formula with boiling water, use immediately after cooling, refrigerate rehydrated formula, clean hands

how is plague transmitted to humans

due to infection among rodents, fleas jump from there to humans

species of yersinia associated with foodborne illness

yersinia enteroclitica

foods associated with yersinia enteroclitica

meats, milk, ice cream

reservoirs of yersinia enteroclitica

zoonotic, animal waste, unchlorinated water

Why is yersinia enteroclitica a threat

psychrotroph (cold), resistance to antibiotics due to beta-lactamases

prevention/control of yersinia enteroclitica

cook meats, clean animals, pasteurize milk, clean hands