Construction: CONCRETE

Concrete

It is a plastic mass that can be cast, molded, or formed into a predetermined size or shape.

Cement

It is a finely ground, calcined blend of clay and limestone that develops adhesive and cohesive properties when mixed with water. It serves as a key ingredient in concrete and mortar, solidifying in place to form a durable binder.

Aggregates

It is a granular, inert material like sand and gravel that, when mixed with cement and water, creates concrete.

Water

It reacts with cement to create a paste that coats and surrounds the inert aggregate particles, ultimately hardening to bind the entire mass together.

Reinforced Concrete

It is a concrete with embedded steel reinforcing bars to enhance tensile strength, allowing both materials to work together in resisting forces.

Gypsum

Recognized as the primary material for plaster, it becomes more plastic when hydrated lime is added.

Pozzolan cement

Initially developed by the Romans, it consists of slaked lime combined with volcanic ash (known as_______), which hardens when exposed to water.

Portland cement, John Aspdin

What is a widely used type of cement patented by_________ in 1824 and produced by burning and grinding a blend of limestone and clay? (2 answers)

Type I: Normal

Type II: Modified Portland Cement

Type III: High Early Strength Cement

Type IV: Low-heat Cement

Type V: Sulfate Resistant Cement

White Portland Cement

Air-entraining Portland Cement

What are the 7 different types of Portland cement?

Type I: Normal

It is a general-purpose type of Portland cement commonly used for structural work, pavements, and concrete masonry units.

Type II: Modified Portland Cement

A type of Portland cement that hydrates slowly, generates less heat, offers moderate sulfate resistance, and is ideal for structures exposed to mild sulfate groundwater.

Type III: High Early Strength Cement

It is a type of Portland cement designed for cold weather construction, reducing setting time and providing high early strength within a week or less.

Type IV: Low-heat Cement

It is a type of Portland cement designed for massive structures, such as large gravity dams, that produces less heat during the hydration process than standard cement.

Type V: Sulfate Resistant Cement

It is a type of Portland cement with high sulfate resistance, gaining strength at a slower rate than Type I.

White Portland Cement

It is a type of Portland cement made from specially selected raw materials to produce a white finish, commonly used for decorative architectural concrete, stucco, and pigmented grout.

Air-entraining Portland Cement

It is a type of Portland cement that introduces tiny air bubbles into the concrete mix, enhancing its resistance to freezing while also making it more durable and lighter in color.

Fine Aggregates

These are any natural sand particles with sizes smaller than 6mm (1/4") in diameter.

Coarse Aggregates

These are the large pieces of rock used in construction with a size ranging 9.5mm to 37.5 mm in diameter.

Admixture

A substance added to concrete to modify or enhance its properties.

Air entraining Agents

An admixture that introduces minute air bubbles into concrete to improve freeze resistance.

Accelerators

An admixture used for speeding up the initial set curing and protection of concrete.

Retarders

An admixture that slows concrete setting to allow more time for placement and workability.

Reducers, plasticizer

Known as ___________, it is an admixture that reduces the water requirement of concrete for a given consistency (2 answers).

Integral Waterproofing Compounds

An admixture that reduces capillary action and water absorption in concrete but does not make it fully waterproof.

Colored Pigments

An admixture that gives color to concrete floors.

1 part cement : 2 parts sand : 4 parts gravel

What is the proportion of concrete?

Class AA Concrete

1 : 1.5 : 3

For concrete under water, retaining walls

Class A concrete mix

1 : 2 : 4

For suspended slabs, beams, columns, archs, stairs, walls with 4" THK.

Class B Concrete

1 : 2.5 : 5

For walls thicker than 4", footings, steps, reinforced concrete, slabs on fill.

Class C Concrete

1 : 3 : 6

For concrete plant boxes and any non-critical concrete structures.

Class D Concrete

1 : 3.5 : 7

For mass concrete works

1 Cubic Foot, 1 ft x 1ft x 1ft box

Each part of the concrete proportion is equivalent to ______ cu. ft, measured using a __(dimensions?)__ box

Cement + Aggregates (sand & gravel) + water

Concrete consists of ___(3)____?

Setting

What do you call the hardening of concrete?

Concrete

What will be the result if we mix large aggregate more than 6mm with fine aggregate and water?

Stucco, cement plaster, or mortar

What will be the result if we mix fine aggregate less 6mm with and water?

Plain or mass concrete

what do you call a plastic mass that can be cast, molded but without reinforcement?

Lime, gypsum, Portland cement, and Pozzolan cement

What are the different kinds of cementing materials?