Progressivism & TR's Republican Legacy

Jacob A. Riis

Author of 'How the Other Half Lives' exposing NY slum conditions

Social Gospel

Religious reform movement advocating for better urban living conditions

Muckrakers

Journalists exposing corruption in American society

Initiative

Allows voters to propose laws on a general ballot

Referendum

Enables voters to approve bills directly

Recall

Allows voters to remove elected officials

Seventeenth Amendment

Enables direct election of U.S. Senators by the people

Progressive Women

Middle-class women advocating for social issues and reforms

Florence Kelley

Led National Consumers League for workplace laws protecting women and children

Muller v. Oregon

Case limiting working hours for women, seen as discriminatory later

Lochner v. New York

Supreme Court case invalidating a state law on bakers' working hours

Triangle Shirtwaist Company

1911 fire leading to factory regulation reforms

Temperance Movement

Advocacy for alcohol prohibition, led by Women's Christian Temperance Movement

Eighteenth Amendment

Prohibition law passed in 1919

Square Deal

TR's program for corporation control, consumer protection, and resource conservation

Department of Commerce & Labor

Established in 1903 to regulate businesses

Elkins Act

Imposed penalties on railroads offering rebates

Hepburn Act

Restricted free passes and expanded the Interstate Commerce Commission

Trustbuster

TR's approach to breaking up harmful monopolies

Upton Sinclair

Author of 'The Jungle' exposing unsanitary meatpacking conditions

Meat Inspection Act

Law for federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines

Pure Food and Drug Act

1906 law regulating food and pharmaceutical labeling

Newlands Act of 1902

Funded irrigation projects in the West from public land sales

Hetch Hetchy Valley

Site of a controversial dam construction in Yosemite National Park

Roosevelt Panic of 1907

Short but severe financial crisis during Theodore Roosevelt's presidency

Federal Reserve Act of 1913

Legislation establishing the Federal Reserve System

William Howard Taft

President after Roosevelt, known for trust-busting and dollar diplomacy

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's policy supporting U.S. investments and interests abroad

Standard Oil Company

Trust dissolved by the Supreme Court in 1911

Payne-Aldrich Bill

Tariff bill that ended up retaining high import rates

Ballinger-Pinchot Quarrel

Conflict over public land use between Ballinger and Pinchot

New Nationalism

TR's doctrine advocating increased government power to address social issues

Bull-Moose Campaign

Roosevelt's Progressive Party run in the 1912 election

Woodrow Wilson

Elected in 1912, known for the New Freedom program

New Freedom Program

Wilson's platform calling for antitrust legislation and banking reforms

Eugene Debs

Socialist and labor activist who ran for president in 1908

Mother of Trusts

Term for the protective tariff that progressives sought to lower

Progressive Party

Political party formed by Roosevelt for the 1912 election

Newlands Act

Legislation funding irrigation projects in the Western states

Roosevelt Dam

Constructed on Arizona's Salt River as part of TR's conservation efforts