Lesson 3.1 - Fish Form and Structure

studeh with meh!

Anatomy

is a branch of biology which deals with the structure of organisms.– macroscopic (gross) vs. microscopic anatomy

Morphology

refers to the outward appearance (shapes, forms, structure, color pattern, markings) of an organism or a taxon and its component parts.

science

systematized body of knowldege

natural science, social science

branches of sciences: studies natural phenomena, and studies social life and relations betw human be

biological science, physical science

branches of natural science; study of organic/ living phenomena, and study of inorganic phenomena

basic, taxonomic, applied divisions

divisions of biological science

cytology, histology, anatomy, morphology, physiology

basic division

botany, bacteriology, mycology, virology, zoology

taxonomic division

nursing, medicine, dentistry, horticulture, veterinary medicine

applied division 

dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, dextral, sinistral, lateral

fish body orientations

spiny rays (spines)

unsegmented, never branched

soft rays

segmented, usually branched

depressiform, filliform, aguilliform, compressiform, fusiform, sagittiform, taeniform (ribbon-like), globiform, unclassified/combination

what are the major body forms

eel-like, greatly elongated, attenuated

elongate, fulliform, basslike

ovate, truncated

compressed or perchlike

body depressed, flattened

body subcircular, hemispherical

depressiform

filliform

anguilliform

compressiform

fusiform

flatfish

example of depressiform

dagum-dagum

example of filliform

panangitan, ubod

example of anguilliform

badjangon

example of compressiform

bulis, tamarong

example of fusiform

sagittiform

globiform

taeniform (ribbon-like)

body form of a diodon fish

globiform

unclassified/combination

shape

The _ of a fish helps it hunt prey, avoid predators and move through its habitat.

terminal, supraterminal/superior, subterminal/inferior

Mouth Positions

Terminal

it opens and feeds forward.

Supraterminal or superior

it opens upward to feed on items in the surface.

Subterminal or inferior

bottomfeeding behavior (algae or benthic organisms)

Supraterminal or superior

Terminal

Supraterminal or superior

Supraterminal or superior

Subterminal or inferior

Supra-terminal (superior)

Terminal

Subterminal (inferior)

Subterminal (inferior)

Subterminal (inferior)

wakwak

katambak, dugso

iho, pagi

terminal, subterminal, inferior, superior

mouth positions (newer definitions)

terminal

subterminal

inferior

superior

terminal

Mouth located at the tip of the snout.

subterminal

Mouth located below the tip of the snout.

inferior

Mouth opens ventrally, well posterior to the snout

superior

mouth opens dorsally

Suctorial mouths, tubular, beak-like, protrusible

other mouth modifications

Suctorial mouths

for scraping algae from rocks (Plecostomus)

Tubular

shaped mouth = sucking small prey hiding in holes and narrow fissures (Syngnathidae, Chaetodontidae)

Beak-like

mouth of parrotfish (family Scaridae) = scraping of algae off of hard corals

protrusible

mouths of ponyfishes (family Leiognathidae & Gerreidae)

to suck prey from the bottom

Plecostomus

suctioral mouths

Syngnathidae, Chaetodontidae

tubular

humphead parrotfish (Scaridae)

beak-like

family Leiognathidae & Gerreidae

mouths of ponyfishes

family Leiognathidae & Gerreidae

mouths of ponyfishes

family Leiognathidae & Gerreidae,

protrusible

mouths of ponyfishes

alibangbang

molmol

sapsap, lawajan

alibangbang, seahorse

tubular mouths

molmol, botete

beak-like mouths

sapsap, lawajan, latab

protrusible

• movement (swimming)

• stability

• nest-building and spawning*

• tactile organs*

uses of fins

paired (pectoral - p1, pelvic - p2)

median (dorsal - D, anal - A)

two major types of fins

pectoral fins (paired) - p1

pectoral fins (paired) - p1

pectoral fins (paired) - p1

located on each side, usually just behind the operculum, and are homologous to the forelimbs of tetrapods

pectoral fins (paired) - p1

mainly used for maneuverability

Pectoral Fins (paired) – P1

what fins are these

Pectoral Fins (paired) – P1

what fins are these

creation of the dynamic lifting force

a peculiar function of P1 fins, highly developed in some fish, is the _ that assists some fish in

• in maintaining depth (sharks) 

• enables the "flight" for flying fish

• in maintaining depth (sharks) 

• enables the "flight" for flying fish

a peculiar function of P1 fins, highly developed in some fish, is the creation of the dynamic lifting force that assists some fish in

P1

in some fish, _ aids in walking, especially in the lobe-like fins of some anglerfish and in the mudskipper

P1, finger-like projections

certain rays of the _ may be adapted into_, such as in sea robins and flying gurnards

sea robins and flying gurnards

certain rays of the P1 may be adapted into finger-like projections, such as in