Ap Euro Period 4 pt 1

Triple Entente

An alliance formed before World War I between France, Russia, and Great Britain to counter the Triple Alliance.

Central Powers

The coalition of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria during World War I.

Lusitania

A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing 1,198 people, including 128 Americans.

Zionists

Supporters of Zionism, advocating for the establishment of a Jewish homeland that led to the founding of Israel in 1948.

Balfour Declaration (1917)

A statement by the British government supporting the establishment of a 'national home for the Jewish people' in Palestine.

Alexander Kerensky

A Russian revolutionary who led the Provisional Government after Tsar Nicholas II's abdication in 1917.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

A federal socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991, led by the Communist Party.

Democratic centralism

A Leninist organizational system where political decisions are binding on all members after discussion.

Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918)

A peace treaty between Bolshevik Russia and the Central Powers that ended Russia's involvement in WWI.

Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal)

Founder of modern Turkey, known for secularizing and modernizing the country after the Ottoman Empire's fall.

Collective security

A system where nations agree to defend each other against aggression, associated with the League of Nations.

Age of Anxiety

A term describing the cultural climate of post-WWI Europe, marked by uncertainty and disillusionment.

Dawes Plan (1924)

A plan to stabilize the German economy by restructuring reparations payments and receiving loans from the U.S.

Irish Free State

Established in 1922 as a dominion within the British Commonwealth, precursor to the modern Republic of Ireland.

Friedrich Nietzsche

A 19th-century German philosopher known for challenging traditional morality and the idea that 'God is dead.'

Salvador Dalí

A Spanish surrealist artist known for his dream-like images, such as The Persistence of Memory with melting clocks.

Protectionism

An economic policy of restricting imports through tariffs or quotas to protect domestic industries.

Kulaks

Wealthier peasants in the Soviet Union targeted by Stalin during collectivization, many were exiled or killed.

Politburo

The executive committee and principal policymaking body of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union.

Popular Front

A political alliance of leftist parties formed in the 1930s to combat fascism and economic crisis.

Munich Conference (1938)

A meeting where Britain and France allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland to avoid war.

Winston Churchill

British Prime Minister during WWII, known for his leadership and opposition to appeasement.

Battle of the Bulge (1944–45)

Germany's last major offensive in WWII, a surprise attack through the Ardennes repelled by the Allies.

Battle of Britain (1940)

The air battle between the British Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe, where Britain resisted Hitler.

Tripartite Pact (1940)

A military alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII, forming the Axis Powers.