Organic Chemistry

What kind of carbon bond does an alkane have

single carbon bond (C-C)

What is the general formula for alkanes

C_nH_2n+2

What suffix is used for side brances

-yl

What structure do cyclic alkanes have

ring-like

What prefix is used for cyclic alkanes

cyclo

What properties do longer carbon/parent chains have

higher boiling point, higher viscosity (thicker), lower flammability

What properties do shorter carbon/parent chains have

lower boiling point, lower viscosity, higher flammability

what does saturated mean

contains the maximum amount of solute

what does unsaturated mean

contains less than the maximum amount of solute

What kind of carbon does an alkene have

double carbon bond (C=C)

What is the general formula for an alkene

C_nH_2n

Where does the number for the location of the double bond in an alkene go

between the prefix and suffix eg. but-2-ene

What things does a molecule need to have to exist as cis-trans isomers

• a double bond

• two different groups bonded to each carbon atom of the double bond

What reaction turns an alkene into alkane and what reagents are needed

• hydrogenation

• hydrogen, H₂

What reaction turns an alkene into a haloalkane

• halogenation

• a halogen

What is different when Cl₂ and Br₂ are used or HCl and HBr to form a haloalkane

Cl₂ and Br₂ form di(chloro/bromo)alkane and HCl and HBr form (chloro/bromo)alkane

What reaction turns an alkene into an alcohol and what reagents are needed

• hydration

• water, H₂O (or H-OH)

• needs conc. H₂SO₄ o