Chapter 1-3: Prevent That Bacteria

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to gut permeability, the microbiome, immune interactions, and dietary factors discussed in Chapters 1–3.

Zonulin

A protein that, when expressed in larger amounts, increases intestinal permeability by loosening tight junctions, creating gaps that allow bacteria and other substances to pass into the immune system.

Intestinal permeability

The ease with which substances pass through the gut lining; higher permeability means more substances, including bacteria, can cross into the body.

Tight junctions

Protein complexes between intestinal epithelial cells that seal gaps; opening of these junctions increases gut permeability.

Postprandial endotoxemia

An increase in circulating endotoxins in the blood after a meal, observed in studies of gut permeability and metabolism.

Microbiome

The community of bacteria living in the intestine; its composition can influence digestion and immune responses.

Gluten-degrading bacteria

Bacteria in the gut that help break down gluten; presence and activity can vary between individuals.

Gluten

A protein in wheat and related grains; its metabolism by gut bacteria relates to gut health and immune responses.

Stomach acid

The acidic environment in the stomach whose primary role is to kill bacteria and viruses; some organisms survive and may trigger immune responses.

Immune system (intestinal)

The immune defenses located in the gut that respond to bacterial exposure; activated when gut permeability allows bacteria to enter.

Food poisoning

Illness caused by ingesting contaminated food; can lead to exposure of the immune system to pathogenic bacteria.

Emulsifier

An additive used in processed foods to stabilize mixtures; some emulsifiers can affect gut barrier function.

Industrial emulsifiers

Strong emulsifiers commonly found in processed foods, suspected of impacting gut permeability and microbiome.

Processed foods

Foods containing additives like emulsifiers; often linked to changes in gut health and permeability.

High salt

Elevated salt intake; studies suggest it may influence gut permeability and endotoxemia in some contexts.