Pre-test: Chapter 2 - Chemical Composition and Biomolecules

Water

Which inorganic compound is the most abundant chemical substance in the human body, making up about 60% to 80% of total body volume?

Acid

A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in measurable amounts when dissolved in water is defined as a(n):

They react to form water and a salt.

What happens when an acid and a base are mixed together in a neutralization reaction?

Strongly acidic

A solution with a pH of 3.0 is considered to be:

Buffer

Which mechanism or chemical substance helps maintain homeostatic pH balance in body fluids by resisting drastic changes in hydrogen ion concentration?

Organic compounds contain carbon and are typically larger, complex molecules, whereas inorganic compounds generally lack carbon and are simpler.

What is the fundamental structural distinction between organic and inorganic compounds in biological systems?

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Carbohydrates, such as glycogen and starch, are primarily composed of which building block monomers?

Lipids

Which major class of organic molecules includes triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids?

Amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Complex three-dimensional structures of proteins, such as enzymes and antibodies, are composed of long chains of:

Nucleic acids

Which organic macromolecule stores and transmits genetic information in the form of DNA and RNA?