Head, Neck, and Face

#Muscles # Learning the upper body

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin- Top of manubrium Clavicular head :Medial one-third of the clavicle

Insertion-Mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

Innervation-Spinal accessory (XI) nerve, C2, C3

Action-

Laterally flexes the head and neck

Rotates the head and neck to the opposite side

Flexes the neck

Assists to elevate the rib cage during inhalation.

Anterior scalene

Origin-Transverse processes of third through sixth cervical vertebrae (anterior tubercles)

Insertion-First rib

Innervation-Cranial nerve C3

Action-

Middle scalene

Origin- Transverse processes of second through seventh cervical vertebrae (posterior tubercles)

Insertion- First rib

Innervation-C3

Action-

Posterior scalene

Origin-Transverse processes of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae (posterior tubercles)

Insertion-Second rib

Innervation- C3

Action-

Masseter

Origin- Zygomatic arch

Insertion- Angle and ramus of mandible

Innervation- Trigeminal (V) nerve (mandibular division)

Action-

Temporalis

Origin-Temporal fossa and fascia

Insertion-Coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible

Innervation-Trigeminal (V) nerve (mandibular division)

Action-

Platysma

Origin-Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major

Insertion-Base of mandible, skin of lower part of face

Innervation-Facial (VIII)

Action-

Occipitofrontalis

Origin-Galea aponeurotica

Insertion-Frontalis:Skin superior to eyebrows

Insertion-Occipitalis:Superior nuchal line of the occiput

Innervation-Facial (VIII)

Action-

Medial Pterygoid

Origin- Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone and tuberosity of maxilla

Insertion-Medial surface of ramus of the mandible

Innervation-Trigeminal (V)

Action-

Lateral pterygoid

Origin-Superior head: Infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone

Origin-Inferior head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone.

Insertion- Articular disc and capsule of temporomandibular joint, neck of mandible

Innervation-Trigeminal (V)

Action-

Longus Capitis

Origin- Transverse processes of C-3 through C-6

Insertion-Inferior surface of occiput

Innervation-C1, C2, C3

Action-

Longus colli

Origin-Bodies of C-5 through T-3, transverse processes of C-3 through C-5

Insertion-Tubercle on anterior arch of the atlas; bodies of the axis, C-3, and C-4; transverse processes of C-5 and C-6

Innervation-C2, C6

Action-

Infrahyoids

Origin-Sternohyoid and sternothyroid:Top of manubrium Origin-Thyrohyoid:Thyroid cartilage

Origin-Omohyoid:Superior border of the scapula

Insertion-Sternohyoid,Thyrohyoid, and Omohyoid: Hyoid bone.

Insertion-Sternothyroid: Thyroid cartilage

Innervation-Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and Omohyoid:C1, C2, C3

Innervation-Thyrohyoid: C1, C2

Action-

Digastric

Origin-Mastoid process (deep to sternocleidomastoid and splenius capitis)

Insertion-Inferior border of the mandible

Innervation-

Anterior belly:Trigeminal (V) (mandibular division)

Posterior belly:Facial (VIII)

Action-

Suprahyoids

Origin-Geniohyoid, mylohyoid: Underside of mandible

Origin-Stylohyoid: Styloid process

Insertion-Hyoid bone

Innervation-Geniohyoid: C1, 2

Innervation-Mylohyoid: Trigeminal (V)

Innervation-Stylohyoid: Facial (VIII)

Action-