Ch 1 Mental Health

Comprehensive question-and-answer practice flashcards covering Chapter 1: Foundations of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing.

How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define health?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

What three main categories of factors influence mental health and mental illness?

Individual factors, interpersonal factors, and social determinants (or environmental factors).

What organization publishes the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR)?

The American Psychiatric Association.

How should student nurses utilize the DSM-5-TR?

To understand the reason for a client's admission and build knowledge about psychiatric illnesses, but not to diagnose clients.

According to Aristotle's theory (382 to 322 BC), what four humors controlled human emotions?

Blood, water, yellow bile, and black bile.

What was the first hospital established specifically for the insane in 1547?

Hospital of St. Mary of Bethlehem.

Who were the two key figures who developed the concept of asylum and moral treatment in the 1790s?

Philippe Pinel and William Tuke.

What reformer led a crusade in the United States from 1802 to 1887 that resulted in opening 32 state hospitals for the mentally ill?

Dorothea Dix.

Which historical figure coined the term schizophrenia?

Eugen Bleuler.

Which two psychotropic medications were first introduced in the 1950s?

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) and lithium.

What 1963 federal legislation initiated the shift from institutional psychiatric care to community-based facilities?

Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act.

According to 2021 statistics, how many U.S. adults had a mental illness, and how many received treatment?

57.8 million adults had a mental illness, and 26.5 million received treatment within the past year.

For what age group in the United States and Canada are mental disorders the leading cause of disability?

Persons 15 to 44 years of age.

What phenomenon describes the pattern of shorter unplanned hospital stays resulting in frequent repeated admissions?

The revolving door effect.

What is meant by a dual diagnosis in psychiatric care?

The presence of both a severe mental illness and a substance misuse disorder.

What requirement did the Mental Health Parity Act of 1996 establish for companies with more than 50 employees?

It eliminated annual and lifetime dollar limits for mental health care.

Who is recognized as the first American psychiatric nurse?

Linda Richards.

Where was the first training site for psychiatric nursing established in 1882?

McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts.

Who authored the first psychiatric nursing textbook, Nursing Mental Diseases, published in 1920?

Harriet Bailey.

What landmark textbook did Hildegard Peplau publish in 1952?

Interpersonal Relations in Nursing.

What key concepts did June Mellow emphasize in her 1968 publication Nursing Therapy?

She focused on clients' psychosocial needs and strengths, and advocated for the nurse to act as a therapist for severe mental illness.

According to Box 1.2, what functions are included under Basic-Level Functions in psychiatric nursing?

Counseling, milieu therapy, self-care activities, psychobiologic interventions, health teaching, case management, and health promotion and maintenance.

According to Box 1.2, what functions are included under Advanced-Level Functions in psychiatric nursing?

Psychotherapy, prescriptive authority for drugs (in many states), consultation and liaison, evaluation, program development and management, and clinical supervision.

What is self-awareness in the context of psychiatric nursing?

Awareness of one's own feelings, beliefs, attitudes, values, and thoughts.

What is the primary goal of self-awareness for a psychiatric nurse?

To know oneself so that one's values, attitudes, and beliefs are not projected onto the client, interfering with nursing care.