Self Care of Fungal Infections, Warts, & Acne

Flashcards about Self Care of Fungal Infections, Warts, & Acne

What is the topic of the lecture?

Pharmacist discussing self-care for fungal infections, warts, and acne.

What are the objectives of the lecture regarding dermatological disorders?

Clinical manifestation and location, pathophysiology, signs/symptoms, appropriate recommendations, pertinent counseling points, and referral guidelines.

What percentage of the population suffers from fungal skin infections at any given time?

10-20%

What percentage of the general population has warts?

7-10%

How many people in the US are affected by acne vulgaris?

50 million people in the United States (9.4% of the population)

What are the different types of fungal infections discussed?

Tinea capitis, tinea faciei, tinea barbae, tinea corporis, tinea manuum, tinea unguium, tinea cruris, tinea pedis

How does fungal transmission commonly occur?

Person-to-person contact

What is the most common cause of Dermatomycoses in the US?

Trichophyton rubrum

Where are fungal skin infections typically located?

Areas of the body where excess moisture accumulates (e.g., feet, groin, scalp, underarms)

What are the signs of a fungal skin infection?

Soggy malodorous, thickened skin, acute vesicular rash, fine scaling, cracks, and fissures

What are the common symptoms of a fungal skin infection?

Itching and pain

What is the typical distribution of fungal skin infections?

Localized to a specific region(s) in the body

What characterizes Tinea Pedis (athlete's foot)?

Fissuring, scaling, or maceration in the interdigital spaces

What are the clinical presentations of Tinea Unguium?

Nail loses normal shiny luster and becomes opaque, and it can separate from the nail bed.

What are the clinical presentations of Tinea Corporis ('Ring worm')?

Small, circular, erythematous, scaly areas that spread peripherally. Borders may contain vesicles or pustules.

What are the clinical presentations of Tinea Cruris ('Jock Itch')?

Bilateral lesions that are slightly elevated and bright red, occurring in the upper parts of the thighs and pubic area.

What are the different presentations of Tinea Capitis?

Non-inflammatory, inflammatory, black dot, and favus

What are the treatment goals for fungal infections?

Provide symptomatic relief, eradicate existing infection, and prevent future infections.

What are some common active ingredients in pharmacological treatments for fungal infections?

Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Terbinafine, Butenafine, Tolnaftate, Undecylenic Acid

What is the mechanism of action for Clotrimazole & Miconazole Nitrate?

Inhibit biosynthesis of ergosterol, damaging the fungal cell wall membrane

What is the mechanism of action for Terbinafine Hydrochloride?

Allylamine antifungal agent that inhibits squalene epoxidase.

What are some important counseling points for topical antifungals?

Wash hands, avoid contact with the eye, and be aware that topical antifungals may cause itching, redness, and irritation.

When should a patient be referred for a fungal infection?

Symptoms involve the face and eyes, infection worsens/persists beyond recommended length of therapy, or itching/swelling occurs.

What causes Warts?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

How does HPV infection occur?

Person-to-person contact, autoinoculation, and transmission via contaminated objects/surfaces.

What are the risk factors for HPV infection?

Existing or previous warts, immunocompromised status, chronic skin conditions, going barefoot on wet surfaces, use of swimming pools/public showers, biting nails, working in a meat handling facility

How do warts come to life?

Minor skin abrasion, entry of HPV into epidermal layer, and incubation process.

What are the different types of warts?

Common, flat, plantar, mosaic, periungual and filiform

What are some pharmacological therapies for warts?

Salicyclic Acid and Cryotherapy

What are the goals of wart treatment?

Remove lesion without scarring, eliminate signs & symptoms, prevent recurrence, and prevent spread of HPV

What are some general instructions for applying salicylic acid?

Wash hands before and after use; soak affected area in warm water for 5 minutes

What are some directions for applying cryotherapy products?

Wash hands before & after use, soak affected area in warm water for 5 minutes, wash & dry affected area thoroughly, prepare & activate device, Apply to the water until a “halo” appears around the wart

What processes are involved in the development of acne?

Sebum production, follicular colonization, alteration in keratinization process and release of inflammatory mediators.

What are some etiologies of Acne?

Genetics, diet, hormones, CRH, rise in androgenic hormones, conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

What are characteristics of Acne?

Increased sebum, follicular hyperkeratinization, bacterial colonization, inflammation.

What are some of the etiologic subtype of acne?

Acne cosmetica, Acne excoriee, Acne mechanica, Drug-Induced acne, Hormone-Induced acne , Occupational acne, Stress- and extreme- emotion-induced acne

What characterizes mild acne?

Few erythematous papules, occasional pustules mixed with comedones

What characterizes moderate acne?

Many Erythematous papules, Pustules & prominent scarring

What characterizes severe acne?

Extensive pustules, Erythematous papules, Multiple nodules on an inflamed background

What are the treatment goals for acne?

Decrease number & severity of lesions, Prevent Future lesions, formation of Scars & Hyperpigmentation and Improve quality of life

What are some physical treatments for acne?

Brushes, Cleansing Cloths, Cosmetic adhesive pads, Heating Device, Scrubs and Lighting therapy

What is the mechanism of action for Adapalene 0.1% gel (Differin Gel)?

Modulate epithelial cell differentiation, keratinization, and inflammation.

What is the MOA of Benzoyl Peroxide?

Keratolytic and antibacterial properties against C. acnes by introducing oxygen into the environment.

What are some other NonPrescription Acne Agents?

Hydroxy Acids and Dicarboxylic Acid

What is first line for acne treatment

Adapalene