HIM103 - 12 - STUDY GUIDE

ANHIDROSIS

The abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat.

URTICARIA

Itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction.

SCLERODERMA

An autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened.

HYPERHIDROSIS

Excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body.

ALOPECIA

Known as baldness.

The partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp

ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS

Commonly known as an ingrown toenail.

The edges of a toenail, usually on the big toe, curve inward and cut into the skin. The affected area is prone to inflammation or infection.

XERODERMA

Excessively dry skin.

RHINOPHYMA

Known as bulbous nose.

PEDICULOSIS

An infestation with lice.

PAPILLOMA

A benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body.

WHEAL

Also known as a welt.

A small bump that itches.

PUSTULE

Known as a pimple.

A small, circumscribed lesion containing pus.

FISSURE

A groove or crack-like break in the skin.

ULCER

An open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges.

MACULE

Known as a macula.

A discolored flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter.

INTEGUMENT

Derived from the Latin word meaning to cover or enclose.

22

The average adult has ___ square feet of skin, making it the largest bodily organ.

SEBACEOUS GLAND

A gland that secretes sebum [oil] that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin.

Closely associated to hair follicles.

SUDORIFEROUS GLAND

Known as sweat glands.

Helps regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat.

CUTANEOUS

Pertaining to the skin.

EPIDERMIS

The outermost layer of the skin.

Made up of several specialized epithelial tissues.

Contains no blood vessels.

MELANOCYTE

Special cells that are found in the basal cell layer pf the epidermis.

These cells produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment known as melanin.

MELANIN

__________ has the important function of protecting the skin against some of the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.

KERATIN

A fibrous, water-repellent protein.

Soft form is a primary component of the epidermis.

Hard form is found in the hair and nails.

DERMIS

Known as the corium.

The thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis.

It contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers.

LIPOCYTE

Known as fat cells.

Predominant in the subcutaneous layer where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat.

SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER

The final layer located just below the layers of the skin.

Connects the skin to the surface muscles.

Made up of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.

HAIR FOLLICLE

SEBACEUS GLAND

SUDORIFEROUS GLAND

SENSORY NERVE ENDINGS

Accessory structures within the dermis.

COLLAGEN

HISTAMINE

HEPARIN

MAST CELLS

Tissues of the dermis:

COLLAGEN

Means glue.

A tough yet flexible fibrous protein material found in the skin and also in the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

HEPARIN

An anticoagulant released in response to an injury.

SEBUM

An oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles.

Slightly acidic.

HIDROSIS

The production and excretion of perspiration [sweat].

PORE

The openings on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat glands.

ARRECTOR PILI

Tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect.

UNGUIS

Commonly known as a fingernail or toenail, is the keratin plate that protects the dorsal surface of the last bone of each finger and toe.

DERMATOLOGIST

A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin.

PLASTIC SURGEON

A physician who specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures.

PLASTIC

The term __________ is related to the suffix -plasty, meaning surgical repair.

COSMETIC SURGEON

A plastic surgeon who perform operations such as breast augmentation, liposuction, and facelifts that are usually done for aesthetic rather than medical reasons.

DIAPHORESIS

Profuse sweating.

Brought on by heat, exercise and even emotional factors.

ALBINISM

A genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes.

The result of a missing enzyme that is necessary for the production of melanin.

VITILIGO

A skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes.

Causes irregular patches of white skin, a process known as depigmentation.

ECCHYMYOSIS

Known as a bruise.

A large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin

HEMATOMA

A swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues caused by injury.

PURULENT

Means "producing or containing pus."

PRESSURE ULCER

Known as a decubitus ulcer or bedsore.

An open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence, such as heels, elbows, hips, and spine.

Can result in tissue death.

PRURITUS

Known as itching.

Associated with most forms of dermatitis.

ERYTHEMA

Redness of the skin due to capillary dilation.

CELLULITIS

An acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth, and red streaks.

*NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH CELLULITE.

GANGRENE

Death of tissue.

Most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues. The tissue death is followed by bacterial invasion that causes putrefaction.

If this infection enters the bloodstream, it can be fatal.

PUTREFACTION

Decay that produces foul smelling odor.

PYODERMA

Any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo.

KELOID

An abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision.

FIRST-DEGREE BURN

Known as a superficial burn.

No blisters; superficial damage to the epidermis.

SECOND-DEGREE BURN

Known as a partial thickness burn.

Blisters, damage to the epidermis and dermis.

THIRD-DEGREE BURN

Known as a full thickness burn.

Damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers, and possibly also the muscle and bone below.

BIOPSY

The removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis.

SKIN GRAFTS

Known as dermatoplasty.

The replacement of damaged skin with healthy tissue taken from a donor site on the patient's body.

CRYOSURGERY

Known as freezing.

The destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors, through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen.

CAUTERIZATION

The destruction of tissue by burning.

CURETTAGE

The removal of material from the surface by scraping.

Used to remove basal cell tumors.

DEBRIDEMENT

The removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing.