Computer Systems and Architecture

These flashcards cover key concepts about computer systems and architecture.

In Von Neumann architecture, the main components include the __, ALU, Registers, Cache Memory, Clock, and Buses.

Control Unit

The __ is responsible for managing the fetching, decoding, and executing of instructions in a CPU.

Control Unit

Cache memory reduces the access time to data by storing frequently used data and instructions __.

temporarily

The __ is a temporary data store that holds addresses of the next instruction in a CPU.

Program Counter (PC)

The __ bus transmits the location in memory where data is to be loaded or stored.

Address

__ is a type of memory that retains data when the computer is turned off.

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

There are generally three levels of cache memory identified as Level 1, Level 2, and Level __.

3

In a CPU, the __ performs all mathematical decisions and calculations required for instructions.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

__ refers to a network that is confined to a small geographical area, like a single building.

Local Area Network (LAN)

The __ protocol is used for sending emails over a network.

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

__ involves combining multiple digital signals into one signal for transmission over a single channel.

Multiplexing

The __ is the signal that ensures devices are ready to communicate in a network.

Handshaking

Packet-switching sends data in small packets which can take __ paths to reach their destination.

different

In the context of computer memory, __ refers to data that is lost when the device is powered off.

Volatile memory

In a network, __ is the method of forwarding data packets by examining their destination addresses.

Routing

The __ is known for allowing only one direction of data transmission at a time.

Half-Duplex mode

A__ device in a network can access and transmit data over the network without special configurations for each device.

Client

The __ acts as a gateway to connect different networks and track traffic paths.

Router

In binary arithmetic, the maximum number of values an 8-bit register can represent is __.

256

When two devices send data on a network at the same time, it causes a __.

Network collision

In terms of data types, a __ can represent true or false values in a computer's memory.

Boolean

__ refers to the process where files become fragmented across a disk, potentially slowing down access times.

File fragmentation

uses direct access to data blocks for faster retrieval compared to hard disks.

Solid State Drive (SSD)

The __ process consolidates data on a disk to improve access times.

Defragmentation

In programming, __ refers to a set of instructions that can manipulate data or control the behavior of a system.

Algorithm

The __ bus transfers data between the processor and memory or I/O devices.

Data Bus

In a computing context, __ is the encoding standard that allows the computer to represent characters in binary form.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)