Video Notes: Periods and Leaders in Nursing History (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, people, and concepts from the nursing history video notes.

Intuitive Period

Early nursing era based on intuition and compassion; sickness attributed to supernatural causes; nomads; shamans as doctors; trephining used to treat psychosis.

Nomads

People who travel from place to place during the intuitive period; life guided by survival principles and mobility.

Shaman

Healer in the intuitive period who used ritual practices; considered the community's doctor.

Trephining

Drilling or removing a section of the skull, historically used to treat psychotic or mentally disturbed patients.

Code of Hammurabi

Babylonian law code that first recorded medical practice, established medical fees, discouraged experimentation, and assigned specific doctors for each disease.

The 250 Diseases

Egyptian documentation describing 250 diseases and their treatments.

Mummification

Egyptian process of preserving the body; part of embalming practices that influenced early nursing notions.

Moses Teachings

Hebrew teachings that influenced sanitation and health practices in nursing history.

Leviticus

Old Testament book with laws controlling the spread of communicable diseases.

Mosaic Law

Hebrew laws intended to keep people pure for sanctuary, with hygienic health implications.

Materia Medica

Chinese pharmacologic reference detailing drugs used for treatment.

Sushruta

Indian physician noted for early nursing practice and hospital knowledge; described intuitive asepsis.

Nurse Qualifications

Early nursing roles included Lay Brothers and Priest Nurses; some combined roles with pharmacists, masseurs, physical therapists, and cooks.

Aesculapius (Asclepius)

Mythical father of medicine in Greek tradition; symbol of healing.

Hippocrates

Father of modern medicine; championed medical ethics and patient assessment; rejected disease caused by evil spirits.

Caduceus

Symbol of medicine showing a staff with two serpents and wings.

Fabiola

Christian woman who converted her home into a hospital and used wealth to aid the sick; early hospital founder in Christian history.

Knights of St. John of Jerusalem (Hospitallers)

Military religious order established to provide care to the wounded and sick.

Teutonic Knights

German knights who established hospitals in military camps and cared for the injured.

Knights of St. Lazarus

Order dedicated to caring for those with leprosy and chronic skin diseases.

Alexian Brothers

Monastic order (1348) that founded a major nursing school in the US; closed in 1969.

St. Vincent de Paul

Organizer of La Charité and the Sisters of Charity; founded nursing education networks in Paris.

Louise de Gras

First Superior and co-founder of the Community of Sisters of Charity.

St. Claire of Assisi

Founder of the Poor Clares; vowed poverty and service to the sick.

St. Elizabeth of Hungary

Patroness of nursing known for feeding thousands of hungry people.

Catherine of Siena

'Little Saint'; cared for the sick from a young age; described as the 1st Lady with a Lamp.

Rise of Religious Nursing Orders

Growth of organized religious groups in nursing, including orders founded by Francis of Assisi, Clare, Beguines, Oblates, Benedictines, Ursulites, and Augustinians.

Francis of Assisi

Founder of the 1st religious nursing order focused on service to the sick.

Poor Clares (St. Clare of Assisi)

2nd order of St. Francis; dedicated to poverty and service in nursing.

Dark Period of Nursing

17th–19th centuries marked by hospital closures and nursing done by marginalized groups; reformation and later revival of nursing by reformers.

Theodore Fliedner

Pastor who reconstituted the Deaconess movement and established the Kaiserswerth School of Nursing.

Florence Nightingale

'Lady with a Lamp'; Crimean War nurse; founder of modern nursing; established the Nightingale School of Nursing (1860) at St. Thomas’ Hospital.

Educative Period

Nightingale era emphasizing formal nursing education and professional development.

Nightingale School of Nursing at St. Thomas’ Hospital

First formal nursing education program in London (1860) contributing to nursing growth in the US.

Bellevue Training School for Nurses

Early nursing school in New York City.

Linda Richards

First graduate nurse in the United States (1873).

American Nurses Association (ANA)

National professional organization for nurses.

National League for Nursing Education

Professional organization aimed at advancing nursing education (NLN).

World Health Organization (WHO)

UN agency established to combat diseases and promote health information and standards.

Primary Health Care (CHN involvement)

Nursing involvement in community health nursing and primary care.

Lillian Wald

Public health nurse who founded Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nursing Service of NY; promoted community health and social reform.

Lavinia L. Dock

Nursing reformer, author of Materia Medica for Nurses, helped found NLN and ANA; advocated for women’s rights and nursing autonomy.

Margaret Higgins Sanger

Birth control advocate who opened the first US birth control clinic; associated with Planned Parenthood and international birth control efforts; controversial for eugenics ties.

Mary Breckinridge

Founder of the Frontier Nursing Service; promoted nurse-midwifery and rural health care; helped establish the American Association of Nurse-Midwives.