Procedures of the skull TEST
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68 Terms
how are the petrous portions filled in a PA skull
petrous portions fill the orbits
in a PA skull the OML is ______ to the IR
perpendicular
in a PA skull the MSP is _______ to the IR
perpendicular
what is touching the IR in a PA skull
forehead and chin
where does the CR enter of exit in a PA skull
exits the nasion
do you angle the CR for a PA skull
no
what structures do you see on a PA skull
petrous ridges fill orbits, crista Galli, frontal bones/sinuses, posterior ethmoidal air cells
where are the petrous ridges located in a PA axial skull (caldwell)
petrous ridges in lower 3rd of orbits
the OML on a PA Axial skull (caldwell) is ______ to the IR
perpendicular
the MSP on a PA Axial skull (caldwell) is _______ to the IR
perpendicular
what is touching the IR on a PA axial caldwell
forehead and nose
what is the central ray for a PA axial caldwell
15 degrees caudal exits the nation
what structures do you see on a PA axial caldwell
petrous ridges in lower 3rd of orbits, crista Galli, frontal bone/sinuses, anterior ethmoidal air cells
on an AP axial skull (Townes) the OML/IOML is _______ to the IR
perpendicular
on an AP axial (Townes) the MSP is ______ to the IR
perpendicular
what is touching the IR on an AP axial (Townes)
back of skull
what is the central ray for an AP axial (Townes) using the OML
30 degrees caudal enters 2 ½ inches above glabella
what is the central ray for an AP axial (Townes) using the IOML
37 degrees caudal enters 2 ½ inches above glabella
for a trauma AP axial (Townes) what is the angle of the tube
40-60 degrees caudal
what structures are seen on an AP axial (Townes)
symmetric petrous ridges, posterior foramen magnum, dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes within the foramen magnum, occipital bone
what does SMV stand for
submentovertical
the IOML is ______ with the IR on the SMV Schuller method
parallel
MSP is _______ with the IR on the SMV Schuller method
perpendicular
what is touching the IR on an SMV Schuller method
center of head (vertex)
where does the CR for the SMV Schuller method enter and exit
enters msp of throat between the angles of the mandible, exits vertex of skull
preferably do this with the patient seated upright or supine (SMV)
upright
what structures do you see on the SMV Schuller method
cranial base, symmetric petrous ridges, mandible, nasal septum, dens, occipital bone, ethmoid/sphenoid sinuses
what positions can the lateral skull be done in
upright or semiprone
the MSP is ______ to the IR when doing a lateral skull
parallel
the inter pupillary line is ______ to the IR when doing a lateral skull
perpendicular
the IOML is ______ to the IR when doing a lateral skull
parallel
the film is LW or CW for a lateral skull image
Crosswise
a Right lateral skull would demonstrate which side of the skull
right
a left lateral skull would demonstrate which side of the skull
left
what is seen in profile on the lateral skull
sella turcica
what is superimposed on the lateral skull image
anterior and posterior clinoid processes, orbital roofs, TMJ jts, mastoid regions and EAM
what is touching the IR in a lateral skull
affected side of face
where does the CR enter for a lateral skull
2 inches above EAM
to do a trauma lateral skull, what extra piece of equipment will you need
IR holder, marker, sponges
what is the CR for the AP/AP axial skull (not Townes)
15 degrees cephalic enters nasion
why do we choose to do a PA over an AP skull
AP causes magnification
The Haas method shows the same things as
Townes
what is the CR for the haas method
25 cephalic enters 1 ½ inches below inion, exits 1 ½ inches above nasion
the OML is _____ to the IR on Haas method
perpendicular
the MSP is ______ to the IR on Haas method
perpendicular
what part touches the IR on Haas method
forehead and nose
what structures shown on Haas method (same as towne)
occipital region, symmetric petrous ridges, dorsum sellae and posterior clinoid processes in foramen magnum
what is the ear
organ of hearing
what is the TEA
top of ear attachment
what is the EAM
external auditory meatus: opening of the ear
what is the mental point of the mandible
tip of the chin
what is the gonion
angle of mandible
what is the EOP
external occipital protuberance, bump on back of head
what is the acanthion
junction of the upper lip and nose
what is the supraorbital margin
upper border of eye
what is the infraorbital margin
lower border of eye
what is the nasion
located at junction of nose and frontal bones between the eyes
what is the outer canthus
outside corner of eye
what is the inner canthus
inside corner of eye
what is the glabella
between eyebrows
what is the angle of the mandible
gonion
what is the mentomeatal line (MML)
line extending from mental point to EAM
what is the acanthiomeatal line (AML)
Acanthion to EAM
what is the interpupillary line (IPL)
line between pupils of eyes to EAM
what is the glabellomeatal line (GML)
glabella to EAM
what is the infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)
infraorbital margins to EAM
what is the orbitomeatal line (OML)
outer canthus to EAM