NPB101: Neurophysiology Part 2

CNS: Brain and Spinal Cord

Disclaimer PNS here would be Parasympathetic Nervous System

PNS: Parasympathetic Nervous System

Which is the Gray Matter, A or B

A

Which is the White Matter, A or B

B

What is the largest part of the forebrain?

Cerebrum or Cerebral Hemispheres

Why is the Cerebrum super wrinkly

Because we have to cram in a bunch of cells/tissue

What does the Cerebral Cortex do?

The cerebral Cortex has higher cognitive function (memories, language, decision making, coordinating motor activities)

The cerebrum cortex contains what two matters?

Gray & White Matter

What is the outermost layer of the Cerebral Hemisphere?

Gray Matter

T/F: Axonal Projections are in Gray Matter

False, Axonal Projections are in White Matter, as they are mainly made up of axons

T/F: The cerebrum corrects movement

False, Yes the Cerebrum coordinates movement, but that’s not correcting movement

The ___ sits atop ____ matter.

cortex, white

The Cortex contains ___ lobes

a. 1

b. 3

c. 6

d. 2

e. 5

e. 5

What are the Cortex 5 lobes?

Frontal, Temporal, Occipital, Parietal, Insular

The frontal cortex is strongly associated with:
a. Sensory functions
b. Motor functions
c. Only involuntary reflexes
d. Purely visual processing

b. Motor functions

The frontal cortex can do what traits?

• Motor functions

• Decision making

• Planning for voluntary movement

• Personality Traits

• Coordination of complex movements

The Parietal lobe is associated with the ___ cortex

Somatosensory

What does the Somatosensory/Parietal lobe do?

Processes Sensory information coming from the body (touch, pain)

The Occipital Lobe does ___ output

visual

The Insular functions with ___, _____, _______

taste, emotion, self awareness

Lateralized

stronger or specialized in one hemisphere

What is a Lateralized Function?

speech production

The Basal Nuclei/Ganglia

suppress unwanted movement & initiates intended movements

Our hands aren’t shaking normally because the ___ ____ is (suppressing/initiating)____ the movement

Basal Ganglia, suppressing

Patients w/ Parkinson’s are given a ___ precursor to (exhibit/inhibit) _____ a movement

dopamine, exhibit

Thalamus

where we have sensory information, touch, pain, info, visual, auditory

T/F: The Thalamus is NOT a relay center for all sensory info

False, the thalamus is a relay center for all sensory info

____ & ____ doesn’t communicate with the thalamus

Olfactory & taste

The thalamus filters out ____

noise (non-coding, not important)

Hypothalamus

homeostatically regulates the body when there is a change in body temp, regulates sleep and wake, its a central controller

If there is a change in our body temp ___ homeostatically regulates it

hypothalamus

T/F: The Hypothalamus regulates only sleep

False the Hypothalamus regulates both sleep and wake

Brainstem

controls homeostatic reflexes

The Brainstem is involved in which of the following functions?
(Select all that apply)

A. Breathing
B. Sleep regulation
C. Voluntary muscle movement
D. Heart rate control
E. Alertness
F. Visual processing
G. Motor Coordination

A, B, D, E, G

The ____ is in the hindbrain

brainstem

The ____ is the most ancient part of our brain.

brainstem

The brain stem is made up of ___ distinctive regions

a. 3

b. 5

c. 2

d. 4

2

What are the 2 distinctive regions in the Hindbrain?

a. Thalamus and hypothalamus
b. Pons and medulla oblongata
c. Midbrain and pons
d. Cerebrum and cerebellum

b. Pons(Pontine) and medulla oblongata

The black outlined triangle is the?

The Cerebellum

The Cerebellum is made up of __#__ hemispheres and is functionally divided into __#__ parts

2, 3

What are the three parts in the Cerebellum

Cerebrocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, Vestibulocerebellum

Cerebrocerebellum

Stores all motor memories (riding bike, dance, musical instrument)

Spinocerebellum

• coordination of voluntary movement

  • where our body is in space

• regulates muscle tone

Vestibulocerebellum

• receives output from the eyes and vestibular system for Balance

  • tells us where we are relative to the planet & gravity

The _____ & _____ parts help us coordinate our activities

Spinocerebellum & Vestibulocerebellum

The ___ & the ____ parts will mess up if intoxicated while doing the Field Sobriety Test because you can’t control your ____

Spinocerebellum & Vestibulocerebellum, muscles

The Spinal Cord runs along our ____

back

What will we see inside our spinal cord?

Our Spinal Cord is consumed of ___ & ____ matter

White & Gray

Dorsal

towards the spine

Ventral

toward belly

Interneuron

does processing within gray matter

T/F: In Gray matter there are primarily composed of axons

False, Gray matter is composed of bodies of neurons and white matter is composed of axons

T/F: In white matter the axons only project one way

False, in white matter the axons can project towards the brain or downward to spinal cord

The Spinal Nerves contain efferent ____ & afferent ___

efferent axons & afferent sensory processes/neuronal pathways

White matter contains ___ axons

efferent

Gray Matter contains _____

afferent sensory/processes