APUSH PERIOD 4

Detailed flashcards so you don't upset mommy and get a 1.

Agrarianism

a nation of self-sustaining farmers

Revolution of 1800

Jefferson won the election of 1800 and became president. He called it the Revolution of 1800, as it was one of the few times that power from one rival to another was transferred peacefully.

Strict constructionism

the government can only do what is strictly stated in the constitution.

Louisiana Purchase

Huge amount of land located in the midwest region.

Corps of Discovery

Led by Lewis and Clark. Resulted in diplomatic relations established with the Natives.

Judiciary Act

opened 16 new judgeships which John Adams filled with Federalists.

Marbury v. Madison

Marbury had been appointed judge during John Adams presidency but was ignored by Jefferson, when he took over. Marbury went to court where the judge argued that the Congress had the right to deny laws that were deemed unconstitutional by them, also known as judicial review.

Mcculloch v. Maryland

Established that a state could not tax a federal bank. Federal law overrules state law.

War of 1812

Began because of the continued impressment of American sailors and disputes in the frontier.

War Hawks

Eager for war against Britain if it was to defend national honor.

Hartford Convention

Federalists threatened to secede from the U.S because of their strong opposition to war with Britain.

American System

Included Federally funded internal improvements, federal tariffs, and a second bank of the U.S.

Tallmadge Amendment

would admit Missouri as a slave state, but ban slavery after 25 years. Failed in congress.

Missouri Compromise

Missouri would be admitted as a slave state and Maine would be added as a free state. The 36th parallel would be used to determine whether future states would be free or slave states. If it was above the line, it would be free and if it were below the line, it would be a slave state.

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812. The treaty was unclear about land distribution. John Quincy Adams talked with Britain and established a shared state of Oregon Territory and a border between the U.S and Canada.

Adams-Onis Treaty

A 1819 agreement between the United States and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the two nations.

Monroe Doctrine

Stated that the lands in the western hemisphere were the United States’ problem and they didn’t want European nations to intrude.

Market Revolution

the linking of northern industries with western and southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, and transportation.

Erie Canal

constructed in New York, it connects western farming to eastern manufacturing.

National Road

provided a paved path across the U.S, stretching over 1,000 miles.

Steamboat

unlike traditional boats could be sent down and then brought back up allowing goods to be sent, and raw materials returned.

Interchangeable parts

Invented by Eli Whittney sped up the production of guns and was easier to fix as you wouldn’t need to buy a whole new gun but rather a new part.

Cotton gin

separates cotton seeds from the fiber.

Subsistence farming

farming only to feed yourself and your family rather than for profit.

Commercial farming

the opposite of subsistence farming and focused on growing cash crops that were then sold. This became more popular during the market revolution.

Middle class

A social class that emerged in the 19th century, characterized by people engaged in commerce, industry, and professional occupations, often enjoying increased economic prosperity and influence.

Temperance

moderation of alcohol. Common in middle classes.

Cult of Domesticity

the idea that the purpose of a woman was to have kids and raise them and provide a haven for their husbands returning from work and were actually out in the real world.

Franchise

the right to vote.

Panic of 1819

The second bank of the U.S gave out less money for loans as an attempt to control inflation. This resulted in smaller state banks closing down, and there was a decrease of demand for cotton exportation, during this time.

Nation republicans

wanted an expansive view of federal power and loose constructionism was interpreting the constitution more loosely.

Democrats

wanted limited federal power and strict constructionism which was a strict interpretation of the constitution.

The Corrupt Bargain

named by Jackson and his supporters. Argue that Jackson was robbed as Henry Clay influenced Congress into choosing Adams as president and then Adams made Clay the secretary of state.

Democrats

Led by Andrew Jackson, and valued previous democratic republic ideals.

Whigs

Led by Henry Clay, valued previous federalist ideals.

Tarrif

Tax on imported goods.

Tariff of 1828

raised duties on imports by 35%

Doctrine of Nullification

argued that if a state judged a federal law to be unconstitutional, then that state could ignore it.

Force Bill

Allowed Jackson to take military advances against South Carolina. Was nullified.

Indian Removal Act

Georgia saw Cherokee as residents of their land and didn’t mind until gold was found in Cherokee territory. This act forced Indians to relocate west of the Mississippi River.

Worcester v. Georgia

Native Americans challenged the constitutionality of the Indian Removal Act. The Supreme Court actually sided with the Cherokee.

Treaty of New Echota

Gave Americans Native land in the east in exchange for their preservation of land in the west.

Trail of Tears

Indians forced to push west. Many died from disease and other causes.

Romanticism

compelling through warmth, emotions, and desire rather than rationally like in the Enlightenment.

Georgian

British style of architecture that was marked by symmetry and proportion.

Transcendentalism

in reaction to rational Enlightenment thoughts, taught that divinity influenced all nature and humanity. Important figures are Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

Shakers

a Christian group that believed in communal living and innovative work practices between men and women.

Oneida

dedicated themselves to perfect equality.

The Second Great Awakening

a series of religious revivals among Protestant Christians that emphasized righteous living, personal restraint, and a strong moral rectitude that would lead a person and society to salvation.

Calvinists

Believed that everyone’s fate was predetermined and was in the hands of God alone.

Charles Grandison Finney

unlike first Great Awakening preachers, he preached with more emotion than rationality. Was moral.

Mormons

believe that the Church of Jesus had gone stray and that Joseph Smith was there to guide people.

Temperance

the avoidance of alcohol due to overdrinking being a big problem.

Abolitionism

a movement in bringing an end to slavery.

American Anti-Slavery Society

an organization founded in 1833 that aimed to end slavery and promote the rights of African Americans through advocacy and activism.

Frederick Douglass

Established a book on his life as a slave and was a key figure in the abolitionist movement.

Seneca Falls Convention

1848, called to address women’s rights, led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott.

Haitian Revolution

The enslaved population rose up against the slave owners, killed them, and established their own government.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Organized by Nat Turner who believed God had chosen him for a mission. Killed their masters and went to other plantations to do the same.

Amistad

ship packed with slaves. A cook made a joke that the Africans were all going to get killed, resulting in a rebellion from the slaves.

United States v. the Amistad

court ruled in favor towards the Africans, who were represented by John Quincy Adams.

Yeoman Farmers

independent farms who worked on their own plot of land.

White supremacy

a belief in the superiority of white people, which often leads to discrimination and prejudice against non-white individuals.

John C. Calhoun

supporter of slavery, Not only argued for it economically, but also morally stating that it held the Southern states together.