Covalent bond stuff and chapter 8

tetrahedral

AX4 e- domain geometry

tetrahedral

AX3E e- domain geometry

tetrahedral

AX2E2 e- domain geometry

trigonal planar

AX3 e- domain geometry

linear

AX2 e- domain geometry

tetrahedral

AX4 molecular geometry

trigonal pyramidal

AX3E molecular geometry

bent

AX2E2 molecular geometry

trigonal planar

AX3 molecular geometry

linear

AX2 e- domain geometry

linear

AX2 molecular geometry

109.5

AX4 bond angle

107

AX3E bond angle

104.5

AX2E2 bond angle

120

AX3 bond angle

180

AX2 bond angle

AX4

CF4, CH4, CBr4

AX3E

NH3, PCl3, NF3

AX2E2

H2O, OF3, SCl2

AX3

BF3, BH3, also C=C

AX2

CO2

sigma

single bond

pi

double bond

orbital hybridization

mixing of the atomic orbitals to form new bonding orbitals

SP3

anything with tetrahedral electron domain geometry (AX4, AX3E, AX2E2) has a hybridization of:

SP3

most single bonds have a hybridization of:

SP2

trigonal planar e- domains have a hybridization of:

SP2

boron compounds and double bonds are:

SP

linear e- domain has a hybridization of:

SP

triple bonds and CO2 have a hybridization of:

triple

one sigma, two pi

double

one sigma, one pi

single

one sigma

H,N,F,O,I,Cl,Br

diatomic elements

intermolecular forces

attractive forces between covalent molecules, much weaker

LD forces

all molecules have this, but this is the only one NONPOLAR molecules have

LD forces

the motion of electrons creates a temporary dipole

more electrons

LD forces are stronger the ________ you have

DD interactions

must have polar molecules, stronger than LD forces

DD interactions

create permanent dipoles

hydrogen bonding

strongest IMF

F, O, N

in a hydrogen bond, H is attached to:

non polar bond

electrons are shared equally between two atoms

non polar

molecules of the same atom, or C and H are:

polar bond

unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms, electrons are attracted to the more EN atom

polar

if two atoms are different, the bond is:

non polar molecule

non net dipole, molecules with only NP covalent bonds and polar bonds that cancel out

polar molecule

net dipole, lone pair on central atom

resonance

2 or more valid Lewis structures are possible, must have at least one double/triple bond in the possible lewis structure(ex. O3)