History 1302 Lecture Notes Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards based on History 1302 lecture notes covering key terms and concepts.

The New Deal

A series of programs and reforms launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression.

Emergency Banking Act

Legislation aimed at stabilizing the banking system by providing funds to banks in distress.

Glass-Steagall Act

A law that barred commercial banks from engaging in investment banking to prevent excessive risk.

FDIC

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; insures deposits in banks to maintain public confidence.

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

Legislation that aimed to stimulate industrial growth and improve labor conditions through fair competition.

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

A New Deal agency that regulated industry by setting fair wages and prices; later declared unconstitutional.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

A New Deal program that provided jobs for young men in environmental conservation projects.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

A federal agency created to generate electricity and promote economic development in the Tennessee Valley.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

A law that aimed to regulate agricultural production and stabilize prices by paying farmers to reduce output.

Dust Bowl

A severe drought in the 1930s that led to massive dust storms in the Great Plains, displacing many farmers.

Sharecroppers

Farmers who work land owned by others in exchange for a share of the crops; faced hardships during the New Deal.

Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

An agency created to refinance home mortgages and prevent foreclosures during the Great Depression.

Fair Labor Standards Act

Legislation establishing minimum wage, overtime pay eligibility, recordkeeping, and youth employment.

Huey Long

A populist governor of Louisiana who advocated wealth redistribution through his 'Share Our Wealth' movement.

Father Charles E. Coughlin

A priest and radio personality who criticized capitalism and advocated for government ownership of key industries.

Fireside Chats

A series of radio addresses by President Roosevelt to inform and reassure the public during the Great Depression.

Twentieth Amendment

Constitutional amendment that moved the date of presidential inaugurations from March to January.

Twenty-First Amendment

Constitutional amendment that repealed Prohibition, allowing the sale and consumption of alcohol.

Nuremberg Trials

Post-World War II military tribunals that prosecuted prominent leaders of Nazi Germany for war crimes.

Atomic bomb (A-bomb)

A powerful nuclear weapon developed during WWII that was used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Hydrogen bomb (H-bomb)

A more powerful thermonuclear weapon that uses fusion, tested by the U.S. in 1952.

Good Neighbor Policy

Foreign policy adopted by FDR to promote friendly relations with Latin American countries without military intervention.

Neutrality Acts

Laws passed in the 1930s to restrict American involvement in foreign conflicts and prevent war.

Lend-Lease Act

Legislation that allowed the U.S. to supply military aid to foreign nations during WWII.

Axis Powers

The coalition of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.

Pearl Harbor

The Japanese attack on December 7, 1941, that led to the United States' entry into World War II.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, which was a turning point in WWII.

Holocaust

The systematic genocide of six million Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany during WWII.

Cold War

Geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies after WWII.

Marshall Plan

U.S. program providing economic aid to Western European countries to help them rebuild after WWII.

Berlin Blockade

A Soviet attempt to block Allied access to West Berlin, leading to the Berlin Airlift.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance formed in 1949 to counter Soviet aggression.

Warsaw Pact

A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite states.

McCarthyism

The political practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper evidence, associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy.

HUAC (House Un-American Activities Committee)

Congressional committee that investigated suspected communist influence in the U.S.

Totalitarianism

Political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life.

Fair Deal

President Harry Truman's domestic policy agenda aimed at extending the New Deal with new measures for economic and social welfare.

FDR's Four Freedoms

Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear, articulated by FDR as a vision for a better world.

Civil Rights Movement

A movement for social justice in the United States aiming to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans.

Brown v. Board of Education

The 1954 Supreme Court decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Landmark legislation that prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Legislation that prohibited racial discrimination in voting, aimed at overcoming legal barriers at the state and local levels.

Sit-in Movement

A form of nonviolent protest in which participants sit in a segregated public place and refuse to leave.

James Farmer

Civil rights activist who co-founded the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and promoted nonviolent protest.

Freedom Rides

Bus trips organized by civil rights activists to challenge segregated bus terminals in the South.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Congressional resolution that authorized President Johnson to take military action in Vietnam without a formal declaration of war.

Watergate Scandal

Political scandal involving the Nixon administration's cover-up of its involvement in the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters.

Impeachment

The process by which a legislative body levels charges against a government official, leading to possible removal from office.

Vietnam War

Conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1955 to 1975, characterized by U.S. involvement to prevent the spread of communism.

Roe v. Wade

The 1973 Supreme Court decision that legalized abortion by affirming a woman's right to privacy.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

U.S. federal agency created in 1970 to protect human health and the environment.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Legislation that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, creed, or national origin.

Social Security Act of 1935

A law that established the Social Security program to provide financial assistance to the elderly and disabled.

Wagner Act

Also known as the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, it established workers' right to unionize and engage in collective bargaining.

Bracero Program

A program that allowed Mexican laborers to work in the U.S. on a temporary basis during WWII.

Great Society

A set of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson to eliminate poverty and racial injustice.

The New Left

A political movement in the 1960s advocating for civil rights, anti-war protests, and social justice reforms.

Silent Majority

A term used by President Nixon to describe the large number of Americans who supported his policies but did not publicly express their opinions.

Bakke v. University of California

The 1978 Supreme Court decision that upheld affirmative action but invalidated a quota system for admitting students.

Stonewall Riots

A series of violent demonstrations by members of the LGBTQ+ community against police raids on the Stonewall Inn in 1969.

Afghanistan War

A conflict initiated by the U.S. in response to the September 11 attacks, aimed at dismantling al-Qaeda and removing the Taliban from power.

Globalization

The process by which businesses and other organizations develop international influence or operate on an international scale.

American exceptionalism

The belief that the United States is inherently different from other nations, particularly in its ideals of democracy and freedom.

Postmodernism

A late-20th-century reaction against modernism, characterized by skepticism toward grand narratives and ideologies.

Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.

Black Lives Matter

A social movement advocating for the rights and treatment of Black individuals, highlighting systemic racism and police violence.

Me Too Movement

A movement against sexual harassment and sexual assault, aiming to raise awareness and support survivors.

Social Media Activism

Using social media platforms to advocate for social change and mobilize communities.

Intersectionality

A framework for understanding how various forms of inequality (race, gender, class) intersect and impact individuals' experiences.

Universal Basic Income

A financial policy in which all citizens receive a regular, unconditional sum of money from the government.

Climate Change

Long-term alteration in temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, often attributed to human activity.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Strategic initiatives to promote a diverse workforce, equitable opportunities, and inclusive environments in organizations.

Mental Health Awareness

Efforts to educate people about mental health issues and reduce stigma associated with mental illness.

Gun Control

Laws and policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, or use of firearms.

In the 1930s, unusually dry weather blew winds over much of the Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Colorado soils, creating

The Dust Bowl

What did the Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution state?

Group of answer choices

It repealed the prohibition against alcohol.

This person broadcasted sermons and traveled the country as a revivalist preacher from the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, utilizing elaborate sets, costumes, and special effects borrowed from the movie industry.

Aimee Semple McPherson

As part of the New Deal, which multifaceted agency was established in 1934 and hired some 3 million Americans, in virtually every walk of life, each year until it ended in 1943?

Works Progress Administration (WPA)