Reproduction Part 3 Flashcards

Flashcards covering fertilization, early embryonic development, implantation, placenta development, maternal changes, and fetal development.

Where does fertilization usually take place?

Uterine tube

How long can sperm remain viable in the female reproductive tract?

5 days

How long is the oocyte viable for fertilization?

12-24 hours

What is the process called that sperm must undergo to become capable of fertilization?

Capacitation

What is the role of the fimbriae of the uterine tube during ovulation?

To capture the oocyte through fluid movement

How long does it take for the oocyte to make the trip to the uterus?

Four days

What is the function of the acrosome reaction?

To release enzymes that break through the zona pellucida.

What happens after the first sperm accesses the oocyte and binds to a receptor?

Sperm-binding proteins become inactivated and zona pellucida hardens preventing polyspermy

What does fertilization stimulate in the oocyte?

2nd meiotic division

What cellular structure is formed by mitotic divisions without an increase in overall size?

Morula

What is the outer cell layer of the blastocyst called, and what will it become?

Trophoblast, fetal placenta

What is the inner cell mass of the blastocyst destined to become?

Embryo

Around how many days post-fertilization does implantation typically occur?

6-7 days

Which cells are responsible for implantation?

Trophoblast

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

When the fertilized ovum implants in the fallopian tube.

What are the three components of the blastocyst?

Trophoblast, blastocoele, inner cell mass

What is the fetal component of the placenta?

Chorionic Villi

What is the maternal component of the placenta?

Endometrial tissue

What are the three primary functions of the placenta?

Exchange of energy, nutrients and waste; immunological barrier; hormone secretion

What is the function of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)?

Maintains the corpus luteum of pregnancy and Stimulates the secretion of testosterone by the developing testes in XY embryos

What placental hormone prevents ovulation during pregnancy?

Progesterone

What is the timeframe of the first trimester?

Weeks 1-14

What are some common maternal changes during the first trimester?

Increased metabolism, weight gain, increased cardiac output, morning sickness

What are some common maternal changes during the second trimester?

Weight gain, heartburn, constipation, improved well-being, fetal movement felt

What are some common maternal changes during the third trimester?

Deeper breaths, Braxton-Hicks contractions, tiredness, anxiety

What is pre-eclampsia?

Elevated blood pressure in pregnancy

What is eclampsia?

Large and rapid increase in blood pressure associated with water and sodium retention